ENVIS Centre on Environment Literacy - Eco-labelling and Eco-friendly Products

Title : Comparative Analysis of Major Green Building Rating Systems and Development of Green Building Checklist

Author :Amrutha Prabhakar, Tasneem Abbassi, Aswathy E Valsan

Publication year: 2023

Abstract: Green Building Rating Systems (GBRSs) are referred to as a tool that can be used to assess a building’s green aspects or rather sustainable practices and establish the certification levels based on the total points obtained for the criteria altogether. World Green Building Council(WGBC) defines Green Building as a building that, in its design, construction, or operation, reduces or eliminates negative impacts and can create positive impacts on our environment. The significance of green buildings is to improve the quality of life and preserve natural resources. Currently, the construction industry is one of the leading causes of pollution generation. As per the GRIHA manual (2007), 50% of the world’s air pollution and 42% of its greenhouse gas production is caused by building activities/construction sectors. In addition to that, the construction sector itself is responsible for 50% of all chlorofluorocarbons, 50% of all water pollution, and 42% of all solid wastes. Reconciliation of environmental aspects and economic development aspects is to be taken into consideration integrating into the concept of sustainable development. Sustainable site development, Water efficiency, Energy efficiency, Materials selection, and Indoor Environmental Quality, are the major criteria of GBRS and each of these contains sub-criteria with credit points which ascertain the certification level of the building. This research work started with the comparative analysis of criteria and sub-criteria of certain major GBRSs namely LEED, BREEAM, IGBC, GRIHA, and DGNB, and finding out the overlapping criteria within each of the major GBRSs and the criteria/aspect that each GBRS is lacking as well as focusing on. Major aspects of the criteria focused on the operation stage of the building. Findings from the comparative and critical analyses have been incorporated to develop a green building checklist under the three aspects of sustainability: Economy, Environment, and Social, which have also been integrated with the aspects missing in the existing GBRSs.

Key Words: reen Building Rating Systems (GBRSs), Sustainability, LEED, IGBC, GRIHA

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Title : Integrating BIM with Energy Analysis and Green Building Certification System to Design Sustainable Building

Author :G.S.Mahaaraja, S.M.Renuka

Publication year: 2023

Abstract:According to smart city studies by the Irish multinational Johnson Controls, just 4% of buildings in India can be classified as “green.” Building professionals are getting more and more interested in designing eco-friendly buildings that offer superior performance and cost advantages. For building materials to qualify for green building certification, energy efficiency is a key criterion. There are currently capabilities in building information modeling (BIM) tools that enable users to consider various energy-saving tactics at an early stage of energy analysis. BIM technologies give owners and designers the ability to make energy-related decisions early in the design phase that have a substantial impact on the overall expenses of a potential project. A 3D BIM model in Autodesk Revit must be generated to run the energy analysis in Autodesk GBS and assess the results of the base-run construction’s EUI, U-value, and SHGC Value. The EUI value for a commercial building is 1113.1 MJ/m2/year. The criteria of LEED, IGBC, and GRIHA were analyzed and comparative analysis was carried out.

Key Words: BIM, Design alternatives, Energy-analysis, Energy efficient, GBS, Revit, U-value, SHGC value

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Title : The Challenges and Opportunities in Adaptation of Green Building Rating System in Nepal

Author :Itiza Sharma, Sushil Bahadur Bajracharya, Aashika Pokhare

Publication year: 2023

Abstract:Nepal especially Kathmandu Valley is highly rich in huge number of residences and users from all over the country which is major source of increasing Greenhouse Gas emission and CO2 footprints. Haphazardly mushrooming concrete jungle without proper planning, environmental consciousness and future vision is the big, alarming sign of degradation of its beauty and environment. Nepal is leading towards "grey rather than green". Electricity consumption growing rate of approximately 10% per year and the total energy consumption at a rate of 2.4% per year is in increasing order. At present context, the depletion of energy resources and the risk of climate change is demanding for a sustainable development path based on renewable energies and energy efficiency. Therefore, incorporating green features in buildings can substantially save energy, water consumption, and reduce GHG emissions. Green Building Rating System provides framework for healthy, efficient, carbon and cost saving green buildings. It helps the building industry to move toward sustainable development and enhances performance, durability, aesthetic, and sustainability of built environment. In many developed and developing countries, there is a minimum mandatory rule for rating system. Rating of building helps user to know and aware about how much his/ her houses consume energy and reduce, not only energy consumption but also reduces the energy expenses. The knowledge about energy efficiency, green building, green features, design parameters and Green Building Rating System is very low among the general public and most of the technical persons and is the reason why still Green Building Rating System is still not implemented in Nepal. There is a very low demand of Green Building Rating system in Nepal due to the lack of awareness both social and cultural. Lack of education, lack of proper and mandatory green building related guidelines and lack of skilled manpower and technology are the major challenges. Group of renowned Architects and experts of Nepal were involved and tried their best with green building projects to register under LEED certification but was failure to get the certificate. Additionally, draft of ERA guidelines (preliminary) prepared by the group of pioneer Architects of Nepal was the initiation towards establishment of own building rating system in Nepal. Green Building Rating System will be the solution for energy optimization and will mark a turning point for the green design and green movement in building industry in Nepal.

Key Words: Footprints, Green Building, Rating System, Green, Climate Change, Sustainable, Efficiencystract Body

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Title : Evaluating the Environmental Footprint: BPE Framework for Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Residential Buildings in India

Author :Jagadeesh Kasi, A.K.Kaliluthin, K.Kanmani

Publication year: 2023

Abstract:In the context of enhancing building performance assessment, this study introduces the BPE (Building Performance Evaluation) framework and explores its application through a residential complex in India. An expert evaluation of the questionnaire is carried out to investigate the main element and obstacles to the execution of BPE. The framework, designed to scrutinize five parameters, initially assesses design aspects, including building form, orientation, and aesthetics. Findings reveal that the building design lacks efficient circulation, storage facilities, and satisfactory spatial allocation. Building energy monitoring, essential for comprehensive analysis, faces limitations due to insufficient data availability, emphasizing the need for thorough planning. Thermal comfort analysis, based on temperature and humidity measurements, unveils significant fluctuations beyond comfort thresholds. Expert surveys and occupant feedback further expose reduced utilization of natural ventilation, high air conditioner adoption rates, and adaptive behaviours. The framework's insights prompt opportunities for improvement, yet validation requires broader application across diverse buildings. The study's academic survey emphasizes the importance of integrating BPE in industries with government policies. Field observations highlight challenges in space utilization, material selection, and occupant engagement. This study's findings underscore the BPE-RBPI framework's potential to refine performance assessment, sustainable and energy efficient to foster industry confidence, and drive holistic improvements in India's building sector.

Key Words: Building Performance Evaluation, Residential Building Performance Improvement Framework, Occupant feedback, Building Sector

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Title : Explainable semi-supervised AI for green performance evaluation of airport buildings

Author :Jegan Ramakrishnan, Karthick Seshadri, Tingting Liu, Fan Zhang, Rongrong Yu, Zhonghua Gou

Publication year: 2023

Abstract:Despite the global sustainability trend, airport buildings have received limited attention regarding their environmental impact within the built environment and aviation sectors. With less than 1% of green building certifications worldwide, there is a lack of essential green performance assessment tools, including frameworks, primary datasets, and models that require less human supervision. Previous research has addressed these issues by proposing frameworks, primary datasets, and a supervised method that leverages Classification and Regression Trees. However, these methods still rely on human effort to fix credit scores and assign category weights, necessitating significant supervision from human experts. This study presents a green performance evaluation model for airport buildings using an explainable semi-supervised AI approach to reduce human dependency during the inference of green scores. Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering algorithms (agglomerative and divisive) are employed to construct the models. The dataset's dimensionality is reduced based on metrics such as scatter coefficient, Psi Index, variation, and permutation. The cluster numbers are determined using elbow point and silhouette coefficient values, resulting in cluster initializations between 6 and 12. Performance measures, including the rand index, mean absolute error, precision, recall, F1-measure, and accuracy, are evaluated for the models. The AHC and DHC models exhibit a maximum accuracy of 74%, albeit with different cluster numbers. Consequently, models are developed with suitable cluster numbers to derive green rules with improved predictive accuracy. Each agglomerative and divisive hierarchical clustering model yields 12 practical green rules that can assist airport operators and facility managers in enhancing the green performance of their airport buildings. These explainable green rules serve as guidelines to improve airport facilities. Additionally, a web-based green rating tool is developed to demonstrate the proof-of-concept, utilizing the green rules extracted from the agglomerative model.

Key Words: Green building rating tool, Semi-supervised learning, Principal component analysis, Hierarchical clustering, Explainable AI, Performance evaluation

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Title : A decision tree-based modeling approach for evaluating the green performance of airport buildings

Author :Jegan Ramakrishnan, Tingting Liu, Fan Zhang, Karthick Seshadri, Rongrong Yu, Zhonghua Gou

Publication year: 2023

Abstract:Airport buildings can significantly impact the environment throughout their life cycle. With over 40,000 existing numbers worldwide, airport buildings pose a serious threat that is unacknowledged either in the built environment or the aviation sector. This gap along with the lack of specific frameworks highlights the need for more airport-based research on green building performance assessments and the development of airport-specific green building rating tools (GBRT). This research aims to develop a decision tree-based modeling approach for evaluating the green performance of airport buildings. Information from publicly available airport communications such as sustainability, environment, corporate social responsibility, and annual reports are utilized to create an environmental dataset with 17 environmental features. Structured web-mining and content analysis approaches are followed to build the dataset comprising 577 report information. The Classification and Regression Tree (CART) model is preferred for the supervised learning exercise due to its high-performing ability with scarce data and easier interpretability of its results by airport stakeholders. The CART model resulted in the development of 49 green rules that are of practical use to airport operators towards their built environment management relating to the environmental categories of GBRT. The developed CART model exhibits useful and justifiable inter-relationships between features that are previously unobserved in any GBRTs.

Key Words: Airport buildings, Evaluation, Green performance

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Title : Overview of Sustainability Assessment Methods and Evaluation Tools for the Residential Sector

Author :Kratika Piparsania, Pratul Kalita

Publication year: 2023

Abstract:Multiple criteria-based approaches are used to provide credits to various identified indicators in sustainable building evaluation tools. Sustainability frameworks are essential for directing appropriate planning, assessment, and implementation inside the building. As a result, the residential sector is one of the most significant public objectives driving urban expansion and strongly influences long-term sustainability. When three components of sustainability (environment, economic, and social) are addressed, will the housing project be termed sustainable? The relevance of sustainability evaluation methods and indicators in attaining housing sustainability is examined in this study. The study's goal is to present and evaluate the sustainability assessment approaches to see how they interact with socio-cultural indicators or serve as an extension of the social sustainability component inside the scope of the building. The study is a result of information analyzed from various sources, including research papers, policy documents, and evaluation tools. The article explores the similarities and differences and how the overall evaluation might be improved for a more holistic approach to sustainable development.

Key Words: Sustainability assessment, Sustainability indicators, Residential sector, Evaluation tools, Sustainability metrics

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Title : Green Building Rating Systems: A Comparative Study of Global and Indian Standards

Author :K.S.Anandh, M.G.Soundarya Priya, S.Senthamizh Sankar, K.Prasanna

Publication year: 2023

Abstract:The building industry expands exponentially due to accelerated population growth and urbanization. In the construction industry, green building reduces pollution, conserves resources, and uses energy efficiently. Numerous nations are implementing the green buildings (GB) concept, mainly developed countries that have introduced many plans to promote these structures. India is among the few nations with goals, and green building awareness has been disseminated. India put in approximately 37% of the global green architecture, higher than the United Kingdom and China combined. This article has examined the numerous GB rating systems existing worldwide and in India. These rating systems are compared, and the distinctions in the criteria have been analyzed through a systematic literature review and given careful consideration. The investigation illuminates the rationale behind each rating system.

Key Words: Green building, India, Rating systems, Sustainability, IGBC, GRIHA

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Title : A systematic study on the Domino effect of creating Green India: An Awareness and perception study of Indians towards Green Buildings

Author :Mahir Chirag Patel, Rajeshwari Jain, Manan Shah

Publication year: 2023

Abstract:Sustainability revolves around the concept of bettering human life while balancing environmental, social and economic needs. Construction projects including residential buildings emit large amounts of greenhouse gases responsible towards global warming. Methods, materials, and operations all contribute to the environmental impact of construction. Governments across the world have sanctioned curbs and there are many building rating systems like LEED and GRIHA available to generate awareness about methods to reduce environmental hazards. There are many stakeholders involved in residential construction projects while experts like Architects, Civil Engineer and Contractors might exhibit knowledge regarding sustainable buildings but few studies are conducted onthe most important stakeholder-citizen’s knowledge towards the concept. This study attempts to understand the awareness and perception of citizens towards Green buildings. Data has been collected through structured questionnaire across 669 respondents from different cities of India across demographics. Analysis has been conducted using SPSS 22.0. Anova,factor analysis, and reliability tests have been conducted to compare the various dimensions of awareness and perception across selected demographic variables such as age, gender, occupation, marital status, family monthly income, education and city of residence. Correlation was done to find out the relationship between green awareness levels and perception with demographic variables. Regression was done tofind out the actual determinants of respondents’ investment in Green buildings. Discriminant validity and convergent validity test indicated a visible presence of reliability and validity in the study. Three clusters were identified Cluster 1: Potential Greens –Green buildings perceived costly but could be a useful investment; Cluster 2: Ready Greens –Green Buildings are beneficial for the environment; Cluster 3: Ignorant Greens –Green Building are for the rich and regular monetary investment needed.

Key Words: Sustainability, Green Buildings, Environmental Friendly Buildings, Citizen Awareness, Citizen Perception

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Title : Comparative Study of Energy Efficiency Criteria for IGBC and GRIHA Systems Using Simulation

Author :P. Prakash, R. Harishankar, B.B.Das

Publication year: 2023

Abstract:Energy efficiency criteria are important in Green Building Rating (GBR) systems, and the requirements vary depending on the GBR system. A comparison study is conducted to distinguish between two major GBR systems used in India: Indian Green Building Council Green Homes (IGBC GH) and Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA). The energy simulation software eQuest was used to forecast annual energy demand for a case study multi-family residential building with various design scenarios. Various design combinations for the roof envelope, wall envelope, and HVAC efficiency were chosen, and the possibilities of meeting the energy efficiency criteria of the two GBR systems were discussed. It was discovered that an improvement made based on envelope condition, the efficiency of the HVAC system considered in this study, and assigning renewable energy gives higher energy performance under IGBC Green Homes, with the possibility of achieving full credit points, but the combinations discussed did not give the full credit points for GRIHA. GRIHA, in particular, requires a significant reduction in HVAC load to receive full credit. GRIHA requires more renewable energy allocation than IGBC GH because renewable energy for achieving credit points is a percentage of HVAC, lighting, and domestic hot water consumption, whereas IGBC GH is a percentage of common area lighting consumption.

Key Words: Green Building Rating System, IGBC, GRIHA, eQuest

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Title : Policy Intervention and Legislative Framework Relating to the Sustainability of Built Structures in India

Author :Prashant kumar Tiwari, Jagadeesh Chandra

Publication year: 2023

Abstract:If not coupled with effective urbanization and utmost planning for crucial and optimum resource utilization, sustainable development becomes a fiction. Rapid urbanization and industrialization have been a key source of concern for the environment's consistent deterioration. With the presence of evident impediments, there is already a conscious limit on industrial growth in place. However, urbanization cannot be fully stifled in order to foster green movement, and vice versa. Among the many efforts made by the Indian government to improve energy efficiency and the sustainability of the built environment, the desire toincorporate important market players, along with legislative incentives, has begun to make a difference. The primary actors have been divided over the choice of ratings since the introduction of GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment), IGBC (Indian Green Building Council), and BEE (Bureau of Energy Efficiency), offering a bewildered outlook withthe many regulatory indexes and perimeters. The policies/ratings/mechanisms in place in many states to maintain the energy efficiency of the built environment are incompatible, resulting in a significant margin of error. For efficient implementation of these policies, the involvement of adequately empowered local entities becomes critical. This cannot be done without first examining the influence of current regulations and frameworks on the energy usage and functioning of the built environment, which includes both residential and commercial structures.

Key Words: GreenBuildings, Energy Efficiency, Sustainable Development, Urbanization, Rating Mechanism

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Title : Performance Evaluation of Green-Rated Housing Developments in the Warm Humid and Composite Climates of India

Author :Rajat Gupta, Matt Gregg, Shashwata Joshi, Saloni Garg

Publication year: 2023

Abstract:India is among the top five countries in the world for green buildings. However, data on actual energy performance and occupant satisfaction in these buildings are lacking. This paper seeks to apply a customised post-occupancy building performance evaluation approach for Indian green buildings (I-BPE), to evaluate the actual performance of two green-rated housing developments in India—representing the warm-humid and composite climatic zones. Both developments contained flats with and without air conditioning (AC). Results showed that although flats with AC had higher electricity use than those without, there was no significant difference between measured indoor temperature and relative humidity levels. Even the level of perceived comfort was no different across the two groups indicating a high level of adaptation of residents in non-AC flats. The methods and data gathered in the study can be used to inform the design of green housing development for different income groups in India.

Key Words: Building performance evaluation, India, Air conditioning, Green building, Residential

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Title : GREEN BUILDING INITIATIVE: A CASE STUDY OF THE SJVN CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS, SHIMLA, INDIA

Author :Rajeev Kumar, Ajay Sharma, Gouri Sood

Publication year: 2023

Abstract:The world is becoming more environmentally conscious and adopting sustainable design practices, thus green building is the need of the hour. The green building is an eco-friendly built environment, as it is based on the fundamental principle of ‘reduce, reuse and recycle’. Similarly, a green building rating system is a method that tests the environmental efficiency of a building through its lifecycle. The paper attempts to create awareness about various green building rating systems prevalent in India and further elaborates the evaluation criterion of most widely used and predominant green building rating systems in India. It has been further explained better with a case study. The Shakti Sadan building is the corporate headquarters of a leading government company and the flag bearer of green architecture and sustainability in the remote hill state of Himachal Pradesh in India. The company that owns this building creates sustainable architecture by adopting techniques like minimum ground coverage, adopting building orientation in a way which allows maximum natural light penetration and ventilation. Also, other green measures taken organisation wide in building construction are renewable energy utilisation, solid waste management, storm and rain water drainage provision, use of sustainable building materials, good air quality, access to daylight and views, pleasant acoustic conditions, low flow fixtures of water, sensor-based indoor lighting to save electricity. The case study has been evaluated on a number of criteria including site parameters, microclimate impact, maintenance and housekeeping, energy, renewable energy utilisation, human health, achieving indoor comfort requirements and social aspects. This is the only building to date in the state of Himachal Pradesh in India to be awarded a four star rating in the year 2022.

Key Words: green building, green building rating, green rating for integrated habitat assessment, GRIHA: TERI, GRIHA EB, existing building, SJVN Shimla

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Title : Comparative Analysis of Neighborhood Sustainability Assessment Systems from the USA (LEED–ND), Germany (DGNB–UD), and India (GRIHA–LD)

Author :Swati Bahale, Throsten Schuetze

Publication year: 2023

Abstract:Neighborhood sustainability assessment systems support the planning of sustainable and resilient cities. This research analyses, compares, and evaluates three neighborhood sustainability assessment systems (NSA) of (i) the German Sustainable Building Council for Urban Districts (DGNB–UD), (ii) the USA Leadership in energy and environmental design for Neighborhood Development (LEED–ND), and (iii) the Indian Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment for Large Developments (GRIHA–LD). The theoretical background, certification types, process, and evaluation methods of the three NSAs are discussed. The qualitative and quantitative comparative analysis and evaluation methods of the NSAs included identifying and assessing ten weighted essential urban sustainability themes. Indicators under each theme were identified and compared in the NSAs. The comparison showed the importance of particular themes based on assigned weights. LEED–ND focuses on “transportation” and “site planning”, while DGNB–UD addresses all dimensions of sustainability in a balanced manner. GRIHA–LD has limitations concerning social, economic, and governance concerns. The research results define differences and similarities in international neighborhood sustainability assessment and illustrate the quality and quantity differences of sustainability and resilience aspects addressed by the three existing NSA systems as a starting basis for the future improvement of existing and development of new land sustainability and resilience assessment systems.

Key Words: Sustainability, Resilience, Urbanized land, Neighborhood, Assessment systems

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Title : Energy Efficiency (EE) for Climate Action: Evolution of India’s EE Policies and Way Forward

Author :Shirish Bhardwaj, Deepak Tewari, Bhaskar Natarajan

Publication year: 2023

Abstract:India has come a long way in reducing its energy demand since the launch of several initiatives toward implementing energy efficiency. The formation of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) as a dedicated agency for promoting energy efficiency in the country has assisted in developing policies and strategies with the prime objective of reducing the energy intensity of the Indian economy. BEE has launched several policies and programs over these years. This chapter analyzes the various policies across the demand sectors since the enactment of the Energy Conservation (EC) Act 2001, coming under the broad umbrella of BEE. These include energy conservation building code (ECBC), Perform Achieve and Trade scheme for large industries and other energy-intensive sectors, market transformation measures and innovative financing schemes, standard and labeling for appliances, energy efficiency programs for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), and demand-side management programs for sectors including agriculture and municipality. Moreover, this chapter also highlights the barriers and challenges faced during implementing energy efficiency efforts. This analysis will support in identifying critical areas of improvement for future policy decision-making regarding energy efficiency for climate action.

Key Words: Energy efficiency, GHG mitigation, Super-efficient appliances, Energy savings, Energy efficiency financing, Demand-side management

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Title : Existing conventional building to green building - A review

Author :Shubham Jain, Saurabh Raut, Saurabh Wazade, Prajakta Ghodpage, Isha Khedikar, Kuldeep Dabhekar, Mukherjee

Publication year: 2023

Abstract:For the sustainable development it is paramount needed to apply concept of green buildings (GBs). Green buildings not only save nature to a great extent but also save the inhabitants by providing a healthy environment to live in. Various technologies have been developed to deal with the different difficulties the construction industry is encountering, there is still no systematic review for modifying existing building into green building. Green Building Rating System criteria will aid in the conservation of environment and ecosystems, the creation of a market for green products and services, the improvement of occupant health and comfort, the improvement of air and water quality, and the improvement of quality of life. In this review paper green building rating systems (GBRSs) were included. The scope of green building, quantification of green building, benefits compared to conventional structures, various related aspects such as Electricity consumption, watr and waste treatment were accessed for long-term environmental, social, and sustainable economy. The concept of green construction is also studied to minimize the impact of conventional buildings and to conserve resources for future generations.

Key Words: Sustainable development, Green building, Electricity consumption, Water and waste treatment, Green construction

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Title : People’s Awareness, Perceptions and Attitudes on Green Buildings: A Study in Bengaluru

Author :S.Manasi, Channamma Kambara, N.Latha

Publication year: 2023

Abstract:Buildings are accountable for nearly 40% of energy consumption in most countries, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions (World Council for Sustainable Development). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimated that by 2050, buildings are projected to emit 3800 megatonnes of carbon. Green buildings are designed to reduce the demand for non-renewable resources and make the best use of utilisation efficiency through reuse, recycling and enhancing the usage of renewable energy sources like the sun, water and wind and a healthy indoor environment. This present paper analyses people's perceptions/experiences living and working in green buildings (office spaces and individual houses), their knowledge and awareness about green buildings, experiences and views about green features in Bengaluru city. In addition, the paper also discusses the significance of the ecology-societal interface in promoting green buildings and building a resilient society through appropriate policy interventions. The methodology includes qualitative and quantitative data collection, covering surveys across 175 respondents (households and office spaces). The sample covered was representative of different categories like age groups and gender. Focused group discussions (FGDs) were also part of the survey. Our study showed that respondents (56%) are aware of the concept and features of green buildings, and 80% of the respondents living in green buildings have experienced positive benefits. In summation, people's experiences were good, and preferences to live/work in green buildings were apparent. However, since green buildings are not mandatory, there is no compulsion to adopt them. Further, there is a need for specific initiatives that aid access to finances to purchase green buildings, tax incentives, etc. Nevertheless, at large, green buildings are gaining significance, and implementing better policies can promote them even further, given the economic and environmental benefits and the threats of climate change.

Key Words: Green Buildings, Ecology-societal interface, Resilient society, Policy interventions, Questionnaire survey, Bengaluru

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Title : In the search for greener buildings: The role of green human resource management

Author :Subhadarsini Parida, Christopher Chan, Subramaniam Ananthram, Kerry Brown

Publication year: 2023

Abstract:The environmental performance of green buildings is receiving attention from builtenvironment stakeholders. We introduce the concept of green human resourcemanagement (GHRM) to analyze how the performance gap in green buildings can beminimized using a human-focused design perspective. We utilize signaling theory andabilities–motivation–opportunity (AMO) theory to explain the interactions betweenenvironmental proactivity, GHRM, pro-environmental behaviors, job performance,and environmental performance. Survey data were collected from 460 employeesworking in Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-certified greenbuildings in India and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Findingshighlight that GHRM is likely to motivate employees to demonstrate pro-environmental behaviors and be engaged in their jobs. We also find that whenorganizational-level goals are effectively communicated, employees can enhanceenvironmental performance in green buildings. Our study makes several contribu-tions, including a framework that developing countries can use to promote environ-mental sustainability in the workplace

Key Words: environmental performance, green buildings, green HRM, pro-environmental behaviors

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Title : Strategies for green building rating in India: A comparison of LEED and GRIHA criteria

Author :Abhishek Arya, R.L.Sharma

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:The establishment of a green grading system to evaluate buildings is becoming increasingly critical due to an increased focus on sustainable growth in the construction sector. The rating method established criteria for green measures in the construction and use of structures in order to create them more environmentally friendly and sustainable. In India, “Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA)” are the most typical building environmental assessment schemes now in use. For the purpose of this article, LEED and GRIHA rating systems are compared and their scopes, performances requirements, and scales of energy efficiency are discussed. This research aims to clarify the LEED and GRIHA assessment criteria that need to be taken into account when comparing the two systems. This Comparative research may be used to compile a generic checklist for any small-scale green construction project's inspection and certification.

Key Words: Green Building, LEED, GRIHA, India

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Title : Evaluating energy efficiency in a hospital building with reference to GRIHA: Case of trauma centre at Aligarh, India

Author :Apoorva Dubey, Mohammad Arif Kamal

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:With the rise in problems mainly ecological as well as energy crises that are intensifying today, the concept of green has become essential concerning sustainable development. The hospital building consumes much more energy and generates more waste, as compared to the other types of buildings. The climate change, contamination of chemicals, and use of unsustainable resources are all making health worse day by day over the world. The health sectors are themselves causing these problems on a broad scale. So, hospitals, health sectors must be green, there must be proper management of resources, waste etc., which means that it must have a minimum negative impact on the environment. The term Green Hospital has evolved as a way of addressing environmental issues, overcoming them and meeting society’s need. In India, Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) is one of the tools that provides green building certification to hospital buildings also. This paper aims at analyzing and investigating a hospital building (Trauma centre), Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh, based on major criteria of the GRIHA variant for existing buildings. This hospital building had been provisionally-rated by GRIHA in the year 2016 as 3 stars. This paper includes the analysis of building based on various calculations and in depth study of how this 3 star rating was provisionally achieved. This paper involves two main calculations, one regarding peak heat gain and the other is EPI.

Key Words: Green hospital, Trauma Centre, GRIHA, Peak heat gain, EPI, Aligarh, India

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Title : Evaluating Energy Efficiency in Traditional Architecture with Reference to Criterion 8 of GRIHA

Author :Apoorva Dubey, Mohammad Arif Kamal

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:Energy efficiency has become one of the key focuses for several national policies related to energy, climate change. Currently, major attention is being given to the issues related to energy conservation as the world is more concern about the effects of global climate change that is arising because of carbon emission, greenhouse effects etc., also concerns about achieving SDG goals. Recently, the pandemic Covid-19 taught all of us how playing with nature, utilizing natural resources more than that are available, can adversely affect not only life of people but can also risk their health and wealth. Until and unless such issues are seriously looked after and resolved such types of outbreaks may occur again. Also, energy efficiency has become the top most issue that professionals deals with on daily basis. The concept of green building play key role in overcoming these kinds of challenges. Focusing on energy efficiency can itself save many natural resources. A green building rating system is already there on national level that is GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment), which includes certain criteria that involves simple and easy calculations, measures etc., which will help in reducing energy efficiency in a building. It identifies the benchmark parameters with regulations that suit local climatic conditions. It came into force in 2007. There are different variants of GRIHA for different kind of projects and volumes of GRIHA are revised after every three years. This paper depicts the analysis of a building by using criterion 8 i.e. energy efficiency that comes under energy section of GRIHA volume 2015.There are three criteria under energy section of this variant but this paper focus on only one criteria i.e. energy efficiency.

Key Words: Energy efficiency, Traditional, Architecture, GRIHA, Aligarh, India

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Title : Assessment of Energy Efficiency in a School Building with Reference to GRIHA-PRAKRITI Rating System

Author :Apoorva Dubey, Mohammad Arif Kamal

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:School is not only a building or an assembly of students and teachers, but also can be defined as a space for children to grow and shape their thoughts. Children spend almost half their working hours of the day at school. The lessons and values learned here at school affect the perception of students in their lives. Surroundings of a person leave a great impact on him. Hence, schools need to be sustainable for better growth of students as well as the environment. On a national level, the GRIHA-PRAKRITI rating system is currently working on this concept. This paper includes a detailed analysis and assessment of Senior Secondary School, Aligarh Muslim University at Aligarh, India, based on seven major criteria under the GRIHA-PRAKRITI rating system by using both qualitative as well as quantitative research methods. All 15 criteria are not analyzed in detail. So, the rating of the building has been calculated out of 25 points. The points came out to be 14 out of 25 and the 2-star rating is achieved. This school building was established in 1987 but still, it came out as a green building. The incorporation of only passive design strategies and creativity can contribute to a green building, hence saving resources and the environment as well.

Key Words: Energy Efficiency, GRIHA-PRAKRITI, Rating System, School, India

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Title : A Review Paper on Green Buildings and the Users’ Perspective

Author :Atul Gupta, Shahid Amin

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:A green building is “a building that, in its design, construction or operation, reduces or eliminates negative impacts, and creates positive impacts, on our climate and natural environment” (World Green Building Council). Green building, sometimes referred to as green building or sustainable building, aids in creating homes that are healthy for both people and the environment. Green buildings are boon to investors, generating high returns yielding high as compared to investments in conventional buildings or other investments, in a shorter term (Majumdar, 2008). The aim of this research is to explore the research studies available on green buildings. The paper covers the researches undertaken from the user perspectives. This research study offers valuable directions to the businesses engaged in the construction of green buildings to concentrate on factors such as physical characteristics, location and position, perceived newness, perceived price, perceived value, surrounding area, safety, the calibre of the managers' customer service, green awareness, architectural factors, environmental attitude, social influence, etc.

Key Words: Green buildings, Green codes, Value, Sustainability, Construction, Buyers, Preferences

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Title : An investigation of Green Buildings in India

Author :Atul Gupta, Shahid Amin

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:Green buildings are also referred to as 'green construction' or ‘sustainable buildings'. Their development reduces reliance on fossil fuels and reduces the total negative environmental effect. The overarching objective of the green buildings is to improve the residents' quality of life through environmentally and environmentally friendly developments. There is an immense potential in the green buildings in India, however research is not sufficient in this direction. The current paper is an attempt to make investigation of green buildings in India with special reference to Delhi. The results suggest that the awareness and usage is increasing for Green buildings in India. The results also suggest that education has strong relationship with the usage of green buildings in India.

Key Words: Green buildings, investigation, education, Awareness

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Title : Decision support system for the early stage of green building envelope design considering energy and maintainability

Author :Ashaprava Mohanta, Sutapa Das

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:Green buildings (GB) show performance gaps despite a plethora of materials, technologies and stringent certification systems. India is predicted to shape the global energy demand shortly, hence, its recent GB mandate of Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) will contribute significantly to the global Agenda 2030. However, its success depends on a holistic relook beyond the myopic design approach focused on energy efficiency. Therefore, a multi-criteria decision support system (DSS) based on the Best-Worst method was developed. It integrates ECBC and BIM-based energy simulation while facilitating maintainability performance prediction in the early phase of design of the GB envelope. The top five options out of 72 common envelope combinations for wall, fenestration and roof materials were chosen for energy performance. The DSS is flexible to accumulate other decision-making criteria as per project-specific requirements. Its efficacy was analysed with a GB located in a warm-humid climatic zone of India. Here, the material availability criterion was also added. The framework provides probing insights and facilitates decision-makers to act appropriately in the early design phase to ensure efficient performance in the long run.

Key Words: Building envelope, Best-worst method, Decision support system, Energy efficiency, Green Building

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Title : Integrated Project Management Framework for Green Buildings

Author :Anubhav Sharma, Aananditaa Dixit

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:With the increasing problem of environmental issues and growing concern over climate change, sustainable / green building construction is gradually put forth globally. However construction of green buildings still encounters barriers as there is a lack of proper project management framework for such projects. For this certain factors have been identified based on the literature review of previous research papers and then a questionnaire if formed in accordance with these factors. Response of the questionnaire is taken from 35 industry experts (project managers, architects, engineers, construction manager etc.) with the aim to identify the degree of influence of these factors on the success or failure of managing green building projects. Findings of this study are the guidelines which are formulated for the project management of green buildings.

Key Words: Project management, Sustainable Development, Green Building, Green Building Rating System, Sustainability Indicators and Integrated Management

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Title : Green Infrastructure Planning Provisions on University Campus Design: A Case Study of Patna College University

Author :Arpita Srivastava, Mazharul Haque

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:This study focuses upon the green infrastructure planning and related concepts to the green infrastructure planning in architecture field. Green Infrastructure Planning is needed to be acquired and upgraded by all the built-up areas nowadays. It’s about upgrading our physical environments where we used to live, eat, study, work and sleep. When it comes to our physical environment, provisions should be intervened with the concepts and elements of green infrastructure planning, and thus a combined storm water and wastewater network can offer many opportunities for flexible, economical and complete retrofits to improve surface and groundwater quality. The study proposes and defines the concept of provisional green infrastructure (PGI) as a theoretical innovation typology describing the college campus design site of Patna. The college campus site is chosen by the author as it’s near to college and it’s about 159 years old. For this purpose literature studies has been done by the papers and articles pertaining to literature and case studies of the university campus design. The author tried to implement all the relevant concepts studied and hence is the result of the design interventions quoted by the author.

Key Words: Sustainable campus, green infrastructure, built-up areas, physical environments, ground water, campus design

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Title : A Case Study of Planning, Design and Construction Strategies for Green Buildings

Author :A.L.Shimpi, V.K.Baviskar, T.A.Aher, A.A.Nagade, G.B.Durde, A.S.Khatal

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:A green building is concerned with the energy, thermal, visual aspect of built environment. Such buildings have minimum energy consumption and the carbon emissions generated annually are also minimum. A green building can be autonomous and independent from the energy grid supply. The energy required can be harvested on-site, usually through a combination of renewable sources like Solar, Wind and Bio-mass. The overall use of energy can also be minimized by the use of extremely efficient Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) and Lighting technologies. While a green building focuses on the aspects such as waste reduction, use of recycled building materials, site sustainability etc If we look at a building site as a closed system and the electric and fuel meters as the entry and exit points for all energy used or generated on the site including in and on the building, we can define the minimum site energy target. Further, as the intent of a green building is to reduce CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuels, the site energy must be from renewable sources. So, a green building is one whose amount of energy “imported” into the site is nearly equal to the amount of renewable energy generated on site that is “exported” off the site. For electricity this would be equivalent to the electric meter rotating backward, electricity to the grid, and equal number of forward rotations, electricity from the grid, over the course of a year.

Key Words: Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning, waste reduction, sustainable construction

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Title : Green Building Rating System (An Introduction and its Importance

Author :Barsha Kunda, Kasturi Borah

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:When we talk about green building, we talk about how much a building is sustainable or green or what is the impact of the structure to the environment. So to know and evaluate a building to be green we need the green building rating systems “A 'green' building is a facility that, in its design, construction, or administration, minimizes or eliminates negative effects, and can produce positive ones, on our environment and natural environment,” according to the World Green Building Council.” And for Building to be rated Green there are different Green Building Rating Systems which are used nationally and internationally. The Rating systems mostly looks upon how the structure is constructed or operated, if there are materials which are reused or recycled and how much is the resource efficiency and if there is any amount of ecological impact because of the construction. This article will discuss about what is Green Building and the history behind it. Also, what are the major Green Building Rating systems that are used in India and the rating systems that are used globally. In addition, the article talks about the specific parameters that are taken into consideration by some of the majorly used rating systems like LEED, GHRIHA and IGBC to rate the buildings. The Article also speaks about the Future Scope the Rating Systems. Finally, the article will try to conclude why the rating systems are still not mandatorily used in India like in other developed countries where the green building rating systems are used in a much more productive way.

Key Words: Green Building, Rating, Importance, LEED, GRIHA, IGBC

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Title : Innovation in Green Building Sector for Sustainable Future

Author :Chandan Swaroop Meena, Ashwani kumar, Siddharth Jain, Ateeq Ur Rehman, Sachin Mishra, Naveen Kumar Sharma, Mohit Bajaj, Muhammad Shafiq, Elsayed Tag Eldin

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:Recent advancements in green building technologies (GBTs) have grown substantially, as an outcome of the environmental, economic and societal benefits. It has the potential to move toward sustainable development, specifically related to climate change. In GBTs, the main objective is to use energy, water and other resources in a balanced way, without using them extensively. This will improve the environmental conditions. Green buildings (GBs) are beneficial when it comes to energy consumption and emissions, low maintenance and operation costs, boosting health and productivity, etc. There is a lack of a critical review of the past or present research work in the area of the Green Building Technology (GBT) sector to identify the future roadmap for sustainable green building technologies. A critical review, with the help of proper research methodology, was identified. The scope of this study is to analyze the existing work on different issues, and find different key issues in green building research, which has minimal use of natural resources, is cost-effective and is designed and constructed for a longer duration, considering future prospects. This paper examines the state of green building construction today and makes recommendations for further study and development which will be necessary for a sustainable future. In order to encourage research, this study also identified a few possible future research directions in sustainable development.

Key Words: Sustainability, Green building, Resources, Environment, Waste reduction, Health, Zero energy building

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Title : Sustainability of Green Buildings and Comparing Different Rating Agencies

Author :Devender Kumar Beniwal, Deepak Kumar, Vineet Kumar

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:The excessive use of all the energy resources like land, water, and the air is part of industrialization and urbanization which creates an imbalance of the natural ecosystem. As a result of rapid industrialization, tons of waste are getting produced every year, posing damage to our environment. Also, a huge amount of waste is included from the demolished buildings, large structures made up of sand, gravel, concrete bricks, etc. Recycling of this demolished material as aggregate for the construction of new house old buildings, industries can fill the demand–supply gap and also help us reduce the waste produced. To compete with the above requirements, green building construction is essential for the reduction of depleting ecosystem. This paper initially focuses on the systematic study of the literature of GBRS adopted in different countries and reviews them individually. A quick case study of three leading green buildings of India is also reviewed in this paper. Various green building rating agencies such as LEED, BREEAM, CASBEE, GRIHA, and GREEN MARK are disclosed below. This paper also focuses on the minimum energy approach and also emphasizes the green energy concept to be adopted in the various rating agencies, and also, a quick comparison of various leading rating agencies has been made in this paper.

Key Words: GBRS, Sustainable, NHBC, Green building

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Title : Green and Smart Building's Technology and Automated Management SystemIn India

Author :Priya M.Tayade, P.J.Wankhede

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:Green technology is inevitably our future in response to the anticipation and panic surrounding climate change, as buildings will play a crucial role in efforts to decarbonize and for our well-being and nature. Global commitment to green building and its technologies and practices is a positive sign of sustainability efforts. With government support, we will be able to see many changes in construction practices and methods, building materials, management procedures, the incorporation of intelligent automation tools and technologies, changes in standards and codes in support of net-zero emissions in the years to come. Thispaper is an attempt to give an overview of the different technologies and management tools that are currently available or are being developed for the green and smart buildings of the future. To understand, select and prioritize technologies that could be applied to new buildings and retrofits. It could also be the subject of future research and development to make them suitable for the local context and also to make them cost effective and easily applicable to the construction industry. Also, presented case study analysis of the technology of a successful green building project, as the case study shows, creating green and smart buildings of the future needs people aware of the benefits, technologies and processes make them possible. It is a sincere hope that this paper will inspire interest to champion green and smart buildings and accept nothing less.

Key Words: GBRS, Sustainable, NHBC, Green building

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Title : Construction Sustainability in Indian Perspective-A Review

Author :Junaid Manzoor, Pushpendra Kumar Sharma

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:The increasing rate of urbanization has created more and more burdens on the prevailing natural building material resources. The way of planning, executing, and evaluating a construction project is varying day by day due to the effort of incorporating sustainability into construction project management. Due to the deficiency of knowledge and slighter client participation, sustainable project management has been marginally practiced in the Indian construction industries. This article attempts to review the situation of Indian construction industries in terms of the extent to which these industries are making use of sustainable tools for design and also highlight some of the key impediments in the way of endorsing sustainability in project management.

Key Words: Sustainability, Construction, Design tools, Sustainable practices, Construction project management

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Title : Jegan Ramakrishnan, Tingting Liu, Karthick Seshadri, Rongrong Yu, Zhonghua Gou

Author :JJegan Ramakrishnan, Tingting Liu, Karthick Seshadri, Rongrong Yu, Zhonghua Gou

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:Airports are a vital part of the aviation infrastructure that promotes socio-economic development and environmental pollution. Arguably there are no mature green building rating tools for assessing the construction and operation of airports. There is a justified and imminent need for developing such a green rating tool for airports considering the following: (i) carbon emission potential, (ii) number of passengers served, (iii) number of flights operated, and (iv) the expansion of air-routes to newer destinations in developing nations which has directly resulted in an exponential proliferation in the number of airports. This paper aims to develop an airport-specific green rating framework. This framework can be realized as a tool that assesses the greenery of airport operations based on environmental indicators. Content Analysis approach is used to retrieve environmental information from airport sustainability reports and green building information gateway for inferring the relationship between parameters of business and environmental interests. Green Airport assessment framework is developed considering the existing categories and environmental indicators present in GBRT's used for current green airport evaluation, and the important environmental indicators from airport sustainability reports. The developed framework forms a vital basis for the construction of green rating tool for airport operations.

Key Words: Assessment framework, Greener airports, Rating tools, Sustainabilty reports

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Title : The assessment of challenges and risks associated with practicing green transformation of the construction industry in Rajasthan, India

Author :Kuldeep Anand

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:Increased resource depletion and growing greenhouse gas emissions are to blame for the majority of present environmental damage. There has been an increase in average temperature and a drop in air quality as a result of this degradation. As a construction company moves through its lifespan, it consumes a tremendous number of natural resources. Construction is heavily reliant on the availability of basic materials. People all across the world are responding to this by creating environmentally friendly technology. India has a long-term vision for a green economy. As part of this study, we analyze how India's historical perspectives and vernacular architectural traditions link to present environmental efforts. The report's literature review highlights India's green transformation's five pillars and four facilitators. Rajasthan, India's biggest state, is well-represented in the study, as is the state's contribution to the overall objective of greening economy of the country. Following the research, a case study of Germany's greening efforts was carried out as a follow-up step. Analysis of possibilities and challenges in five key categories: social, technical, economic, environmental, and political, is provided by the STEEP analysis framework. To summarize a company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, a SWOT analysis is utilized. Conducting extra study on a case set in a comparable context is important in order to make recommendations more relevant. Research on Germany's model for green transformation is conducted to identify strengths and possibilities, as well as risks, that may be used to improve the advice given in a particular context. This research examines how to use strengths and opportunities while overcoming defects and threats to make recommendations more specific, meaningful, and context-relevant. In order to arrive at some conclusions, we combined the information from the two investigations, the case study and the literature review. There are recommendations for the government, investors, businesses, and citizens of Rajasthan at the end of the study.

Key Words: Green transformation, Green economy, Green finances, Green Building Technology, Sustainable construction, STEEP analysis, SWOT analysis, Environmental degradation, Energy crisis, GHG emissions, Climate change, Energy efficiency code, Energy concept, Carbon footprint

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Title : Impact of Green Building on Productivity of Offices

Author :Kshitij Kacker, Abhijit Rastogi, Virendra Kumar Paul

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:Green buildings certifications claim that it can improve the productivity of employees in a workplace. India service sector is a key driver of economy. With the growing mandate of applying green buildings norms in Indian buildings, there is no such analysis that could tell the affects. As there is no exact methodology to calculate productivity, this study uses real time data collection, through questionnaire surveys and instruments to get a self-assessed perception of the architecture employees in the offices in composite climate of India and using a multiple linear regression model for the comparison. The results show an improvement in the relative productivity by 38.96%. The study, can be used as a base for understanding aspects of IEQ in the workplace productivity in Indian conditions.

Key Words: Green building, Impacts, Productivity, Offices, IEQ

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Title : Insights on Green Building Rating Systems for Housing in India and Their Assessment with Pillars of Sustainability

Author :Kratika Piparsania, Pratul Kalita

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:India has three primary methods established for assessing green buildings. These rating tools have different categories and credit criteria for evaluating green building performance. Existing methods can be applied to different types of buildings addressing multiple aspects and variations. This paper discusses LEED-India, GRIHA, and IGBC rating systems and assesses them with three pillars of sustainability developed by the united nations: social, economic, and environmental. However, the rating systems preferred here for assessment are only limited to the residential sector. This research evaluates the rating system based on an extensive literature study and assesses these criteria based on socio, economic, and environmental parameters. The paper summarises suggestions based on three parameters and proposes aspects that can further enhance and strengthen India’s green building rating system.

Key Words: Green building rating systems, Sustainable development, Sustainability parameters, Building assessment methods, Design for sustainability, Indian context

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Title : Development of DASH: Design Assessment Framework for Sustainable Housing

Author :Kratika Piparsania, Pratul Kalita

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:The idea of sustainability is based on three pillars—environmental, economic, and social—per the Brundtland report. Housing is a type of architecture with which any occupant can connect. It is a place that supports an occupant’s physical, emotional, cultural, and social needs, which support their consciousness. The methodology used here includes an extensive literature review, followed by data collection and analysis in order to understand, achieve, and balance sustainability and its metrics. We could see an evident gap in current green building rating systems regarding the inclusion of social and cultural indicators. There is an inclination for quantitative approaches, such as energy, the environment, and resources. We found that it is viable to identify, recognize, and determine social and cultural indicators that are both tangible and intangible. In most research regarding the sustainable built environment, the participation and feedback are limited to industry experts and professionals, and residents are excluded. This study attempted to fill this gap by collecting data from Indian residents, thus validating social and cultural indicators according to occupants’ needs. With the help of indicators discovered in the literature review and by strengthening them further with data collection, a holistic framework was developed to achieve sustainability for housing.

Key Words: Sustinable development, Sustainability assessment framework, Socio-cultural indicators

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Title : Sustainable Green Building Growth: A study in the context of Tax Provisions in India

Author :Mansi Kumar, Asit B.Acharya

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:Several governments recognize the relevance of green buildings throughout the world. New green and sustainable programs, policies, and incentives are introduced to the public every year to boost the trend. In India, both financial and non-financial incentives are offered. Incentives in India are usually granted on property tax and depreciation under tax rules. Many scholars have documented the relevance of tax incentives, and many rich and developing nations offer them in large amounts. As a result, this research aims to emphasize the various tax incentives that India's national, state, and municipal governments can provide. Through two surveys distributed across India (mainly in the western region), a demand push- supply pull was developed by including the viewpoints of policy implementers (tax officials) and customers (professionals in the building sector and residents). These surveys were floated to gather information about respondents' backgrounds, awareness of green construction and incentives, and ratings of various tax incentive ideas. The findings revealed an increasing need for tax incentives and suggestions for unique tax policies for India.

Key Words: Green building, Government, Financial Incentive, Tax Incentive, India

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Title : Comparative Analysis of a Conventional and a Green Sustainable Office Building

Author :Lalit Srikar, Ignatius Thomas, Nikhilesh K, Neeraj N

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:This paper carries out a detailed comparison between a sustainable office building and a conventional one. Since, Buildings are very energy intensive and contribute largely to the ongoing climate crisis, it is necessary to construct them in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner. The embodied carbon, cost benefit analysis and operational energy of two theoretical models of conventional and sustainable buildings are discussed in this paper. This paper concludes by giving point to point comparison for a clearer understanding. The findings of this article can be helpful to green building planners, designers, and developers.

Key Words: Green Building, Sustainable Offices, Energy Efficiency, Cost comparison, Composite Materials, Embodied carbon

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Title : Socio-Economic Drivers of Community Acceptance of Sustainable Social Housing: Evidence from Mumbai

Author :Mahesti Okitasari, Ranjeeta Mishra, Masachika Suzuki

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:The impact of socio-cultural outlooks on the acceptance of sustainability measures in a low-income context should be complemented by better understanding of socio-economic drivers to bridge the gaps between policy expectation and acceptance in social housing projects. The study attempts to explore the different aspects of well-being in determining the housing satisfaction of the residents of social housing under the slum rehabilitation schemes in Mumbai. Social housing offers considerably improved social and environmental sustainability components compared to slums; however, social acceptability remains low due to their location disadvantages. Using primary data collection from the sample of 298 households in Mumbai, the paper explores the varying levels of their housing satisfaction. The study found that economic opportunity is low in slum rehabilitation, mostly reflected in the job loss of the second earner, exacerbated by the change of work after shifting to social housing. Among other factors, location, accessibility of the building, household size and opportunity for social engagement play the most critical role in deciding the households’ perceived housing satisfaction with social housing compared to slums.

Key Words: Sustainability, Social housing, Community acceptance, Housing affordability, Housing accessibility, India

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Title : A Comparative study of cost and risk management in green building and Conventional building: Review

Author :Monika Verma, Kanika Sharma

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:Green structure is the one which utilizes less water, developments energy productivity, rations regular assets create less waste and gives better spaces to inhabitants. A green structure is a structure that, in its plan, development or activity, lessens or wipes out negative effects, and can make positive effects, on our environment and common habitat. In this paper we discuss the scope, barriers and importance of the green building. This is about how the green structures were much better than that of traditional structures in hazard the executives and cost examination.

Key Words: green buildings, conventional buildings, risk and cost management, negative impacts, positive impact, buildings

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Title : Green Building Technology: The Need of the Hour

Author :Neena Agrawal

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:The global demand of energy is increasing because of modernization and changing lifestyle in urban sectors which in turn causes environment degradation. Green building brings together a vast array of practices and techniques to reduce and ultimately eliminate the impacts of buildings on the environment and human health and reduce loads on conventional energy sources. A green building rating system is an evaluation tool that measures environmental performance of a building through its life cycle. It usually comprises of a set of criteria covering various parameters related to design, construction and operation of a green building. Each criterion has pre-assigned points and sets performance benchmarks and goals that are largely quantifiable.

Key Words: Green building, Techonology, Construction

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Title : Comprehensive Rating System for Net Zero Building

Author :Neha M. Patel, Digant A. Pastagia

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:The need for Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) in India becomes increasingly important due to climate change, increasing energy prices, scarcity of fossil fuels. From 2020 new buildings, including hospital and university buildings have to fulfill more strict energy requirements. Besides that, also the energy requirements for existing buildings will become stricter to realize an energy neutral built environment in 2050. Net Zero Energy Buildings are recently in trends and few buildings are already constructed in India. The assessment tools available for NZEBs are working on CRISP basis. Due to this approach developers are discourage towards development of NZEBs. Therefore, there is a need to develop an assessment tool for Net Zero Energy Buildings which provides flexible scoring system so, that developers get attracted towards planning of NZEBs. This research is focused on developing an assessment system based on fuzzy logic. For new assessment parameters will be identified based on climate zones in India. A parametric suitability survey will be carried out to check the suitability of parameters. Final outcome of the research will be in form of a flexible assessment system for NZEBs.

Key Words: Sustainable building, Net zero building, energy consumption, rating system

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Title : Requisite Sustainable Development Contemplating Buildings: Economic and Environmental Sustainability

Author :Parul Bhyan, Bhavna Shrivastava, Nand Kumar

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:Sustainable development is a requisite for future generation, as increasing urbanization, destruction of natural resources by anthropic activities, degrading ecosystems for the sake of present economic development at cost of environmental exploitation are increasing by each passing day on earth. The goal of this chapter is to provide meaningful insights for policy-makers and decision-makers towards sustainable development in the construction industry. This study is first-of-its-kind study focusing on the Sustainable Developments Goals and sustainability dimensions and their criteria and indicators in one compilation through literature study. The study concludes that there is a need to integrate the construction industry into the Sustainable Development Goals and their targets to test the built environment sustainability and there is a need to develop the most adequate frameworks for commencing the topic. Two possible frameworks suggested for future research recommendation needed for the Indian context to enhance sustainability within construction industry are based on LCSA and MCDM analysis.

Key Words: S-LCA, LCA, SDGs, E-LCA, MCDM, GBRS

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Title : Allocating weightage to sustainability criteria’s for performance assessment of group housing developments: Using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process

Author :Parul Bhyan, Bhavna Shrivastava, Nand Kumar

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:Sustainability assessment is a method to assess the effectiveness of sustainability performance. The construction industry largely acknowledges Green Building Rating Systems (GBRS) as a tool for evaluating sustainability performance. With an emphasis on group housing constructions in India, the present study created a methodology for evaluating sustainability performance. An in-depth analysis of the GBRS and published literature, followed by expert interviews, created a methodology with five building life cycle stages and fifteen criteria’s focusing on sustainability. Stakeholder perception was collected, and the data was assessed using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, to determine the priority weight of sustainability criteria and sub-criteria (FAHP). The development of a comprehensive system to account for sustainability on both the intergenerational and intragenerational levels for sustainability assessment is required. This study serves to be the first study to develop a comprehensive sustainability assessment system specific to group housing in India throughout the building life cycle stages.

Key Words: Green Building, Rating systems, Sustainability criteria, Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process

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Title : Systematic literature review of life cycle sustainability assessment system for residential buildings: using bibliometric analysis 2000-2020

Author :Parul Bhyan, Bhavna Shrivastava, Nand Kumar

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:Sustainability Assessment systems are developed and conducted for underpinning deci-sion-making and relevant policies of environment, economic and social context. The term sustainability assessment was initially acknowledged in the early 2000s and still is gaining importance in the field of construction. There are many life cycle sustainability assessment systems available worldwide, but there are very tickle of studies summarizing life cycle sustainability assessment systems peculiarly in residential buildings. In the light current scenario, a systematic literature review was carried out considering sustainability assess-ment for residential buildings throughout building life cycle stages. The purpose of the study focuses on the extraction of relative literature using PRISMA methodology for iden-tification of articles and performed bibliometric analysis 2000–2020 using the VOSviewer tool, this tool helps to analyze the extracted data from the database in a graphical visual form. Few research studies recognize the actual parameters to assess the sustainability, and ability of a building using a life cycle assessment system in residential buildings especially. This study identifies articles from Scopus and the web of science database and extracted the annual publication on the topic, the contribution of authors, citation count of articles, the contribution of various countries, persistent journals, and keywords. This study would help researchers and policy-makers working on the development of sustainability assess-ment decision-making frameworks for residential buildings across the world with a clear perspective of real work being done in this area and required research gaps and future work recommendations.

Key Words: Susatiainability assessment, Residential, Buildings, Bibliometric analysis, LCSA, Literature review

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Title : Life Cycle Costing of Institutional Buildings in India: A Case Study of GRIHA-Certified CPWD Buildings

Author :Priyanka Kochhar, Mandeep Singh

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:Buildings have an important role in mitigating, adapting, and developing resilience toward climate change. While green buildings help reduce construction’s detrimental impact on the environment, the real-estate market and select industry stakeholders remain unconvinced regarding the monetary returns of investment through building resource efficiency. Life cycle cost (LCC) assessment is an important tool used by professionals globally to assess the economic feasibility of green buildings over their service life. In India, LCC studies have been adopted for private-sector residential buildings. Moreover, municipal bodies have incentivized green buildings for private developers to offset any incremental initial cost. However, LCC calculation is yet to become mainstream within the public procurement system for institutional buildings in India. Considering that building owners and occupants would accrue any operational cost benefits of green buildings, this work aims to address issues regarding cost barriers for mainstreaming the LCC of green and sustainable institutional buildings in India. Indian public-sector organizations such as the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) have had a long-term financial interest in property, own large portfolios, and are committed to delivering a project’s best value to their clients. Accordingly, actual data from CPWD buildings and developing factors were used to create useful scenarios for future decisions based on the LCC of the buildings. Three GRIHA-rated CPWD projects were selected as case studies to investigate their LCCs. Results indicated that despite initial incremental expenditure, all the projects showed significant net savings at the end of 25 years. LCC comparison enables decision making for buildings with equal performances, while in the case of varying performances, LCC techniques relate the total LCC to identifiable units of performance to enable decisions.

Key Words: Architecture, Design and Planning, Civil Engineering, Life cycle costing, Institutional buildings, Climate change mitigation, Built environment green building cost

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Title : Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment—A green-building rating system for catalysing climate-change mitigation/adaptation in India

Author :Priyanka Kochhar, Namrata Mahal, Sanjay Seth, Mandeep Singh

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:Green-building rating systems (GBRSs) are critical for implementing climate change (CC) mitigation strategies because they can help reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the building sector. From the Indian policy perspective, the ClimateSMART Cities Assessment Framework (CSCAF) provides cities a roadmap toward mitigating CC while planning/implementing their actions and facilitates realising energy efficiency and green buildings through GBRS adoption and incentivisation. Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) is a comprehensive GBRS aligned with CSCAF and India’s climate goals, facilitating the implementation of Government of India’s relevant policies and climate-adaptation measures within a building project’s different phases. This paper examines existing institutional mechanisms for incentivising GRIHA-rated projects and provides recommendations for municipal bodies, regional developmental authorities, and state governments for strengthening resource efficiency in the built environment through GRIHA. Residential buildings are considered because their contribution to GHG emissions is the greatest among buildings. Data were collected through literature review, reviewing smart-city proposals and latest state annual action plans, Right to Information queries, and structured interviews of stakeholders. Feedback from green-building certification agencies, project proponents, and government officials revealed a need for local-level information dissemination and guidance on institutional mechanisms for incentivising green-rated projects. Further, to understand the implementation mechanisms for GRIHA-linked incentives, residential projects under some local-government agencies were documented as case studies, providing useful insights into prevalent mechanisms for availing incentives while facilitating GRIHA compliance. The information provided herein can be useful for local governments in other developing countries for guiding the building sector toward mitigating climate change.

Key Words: Green-building rating systems, green-building policies, green-building incentives, climate change mitigation/adaptation, Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA), SDG11 Sustainable Cities and Communities, SDG6 Clean Water and Sanitation, UN Sustainable Development Goals, SDG13 Climate Action, SDG17 Partnerships to achieve the Goal

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Title : "BIOCENOSIS: a novel framework for sustainability assessment of built environment in the Indian context"

Author :Parvesh Kumar, Vijayraghavan Chariar, Chitrarekha Kabre

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:It is well established that the existing building environmental assessment methods and sustainability assessment methods are intended to foster detailed design stage while there is a need to support early design stages. This research intends to develop a framework that actively supports design development at the formative design stages. The paper reviews the well-established building environmental assessment methods: CASBEE, LEED, BREEAM and GRIHA, and the existing sustainability assessment methods: iiSBE’s Sustainable Building Tool (SB Tool), German Sustainable Building Council’s Certificate Program (DGNB), Living Building Challenge (LBC) and ARUP’s Sustainable Project Assessment Routine SPeAR. Further, well-known theories of ecological Sustainability are reviewed. The critical points of convergence and divergence of anthropocentric and biocentric approaches are identified to articulate the parameters of sustainability assessment. Specialists in the sustainable built environment assigned weights for assessment parameters (criteria) by applying the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Their specialist opinions manifest the particular features of the Indian context. The paper delineates the Biocenosis, a novel framework for sustainability assessment of the built environment rooted in the concept of the synergy of nature with social, economic, environmental and cultural benefits for the context of India. It is intended to aid building professionals in the formative design phases as it enables an integrated and comprehensive assessment of the level to which the requirement of a sustainable built environment is satisfied.

Key Words: Anthropocentric, Biocentric, Built environment, Sustainability assessment, India

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Title : "Evaluation of Barrier for Promoting Green Building Technologies in Coimbatore as Smart City"

Author :S.Hema, K.Poongodi, R.Murthi

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:Developing and promoting smart cities in India is the dream project of Government of India. Coimbatore is one among the city identified as smart city project for improving the existing infrastructure and constructing green building in order to improve the habitation and energy efficiency through utilization of natural resources. Implementing the green building and energy efficient building concepts in construction industry are the major focus with the aid of technological development. The transformation from conventional to the futuristic approach is the major task in the construction sector. This sector alone requires 40% of natural raw materials, 25% of water and 35% energy resources, as well as emitting 40% of wastes and 35% of greenhouse gases. Considering these parameters, the paper was intended to furnish the detailed investigation to identify the various barriers and suggest the measures to be taken to promote the green building technologies for a sustainable development in smart city mission.

Key Words: Green building, Smart city, Barriers in construction sector, Sustainable development

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Title : "Green Building Design Concept: A Sustainable Approach"

Author :Shiv Lal

Publication year: 2022

Abstract:In this communication, Author has deliberately presented the Green building concept. Green Building is the building which does not required any commercial electricity for the building conditioning. The conditioning means it has sufficient mass flow rate of air, no pollution accu-mulated inside the building, no extra heat is absorbed by the building and no extra cooling is available inside the building. The building is working in the comfort conditioning zone such as the temperature inside the building lies from 16 to 25 degree Celsius. The Aura of building, LEED Rating of building and comfort conditioning through solar chimney, EATHE, BHE and their integrated approaches has been presented. The ACH for normal and Covid-2 type situation being also discussed.

Key Words: Green Building, Heritage Structures, Passive heating and cooling

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Title : "Assessing interdependency among sustainable criteria and indicators for developing a building assessment tool"

Author :A. Suchith Reddy, P. Rathish Kumar, P Anand Raj

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:The unplanned and rapid growth of urbanisation and energy demand leads to environmental degradation, social inequalities, and economic instability. These global problems have forced society to rethink infrastructure development to evolve the concept of sustainable development in the construction industry. Technological advances have always been the cornerstone in mitigating the unavoidable side effects of development. To rejuvenate ideas of Reuse, Recycle, Reduce, Renew, and Regenerate (5 R’s) into implementable solutions, the technological dimension is necessary to form a Quadruple Bottom line (QBL) approach i.e., Social, Environmental, Economic and Technological (SEET) for achieving sustainable construction. To tackle and monitor the enormous changes in urban transformation in developing countries, it is important to assess the sustainability of building performance. The objective of the study is to establish the interdependency between criteria and indicators for assessing building sustainability. The findings reveal that the criteria Materials & Waste Management (MW) and Energy Efficiency (EE) secured the highest weight among the eight criteria in the Technological aspect. The study facilitates to understand the interrelationship between the criteria and indicators and will be useful for the development of a new sustainable building assessment tool.

Key Words: Building assessment, Environmental, Rating systems, Triple bottom line, Technological, Fuzzy

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Title : "Causal Analysis of Slow BIM Adoption in Eastern India with a Special Focus on Green Building Sector"

Author :Ashaprava Mohanta, Sutapa Das

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:The recent mandatory implementation of the Energy Conservation Building Code has made green building (GB) a national agenda in India. However, the statistics for existing GB growth shows comparatively slower progress in Eastern India compared to the rest of the country. Building information modelling (BIM) has helped in adopting GB culture in many countries. The current research noted that BIM is in the nascent stage in Eastern India and hence systematically analysed its causes through an online survey of 256 professionals followed by face-toface interviews of 20 experts. The significance of 14 BIM applications and criticality (frequency and impact) of 12 BIM adoption challenges were addressed. It was reported that despite the significance of BIM is realised, its use is limited to visualisation. Different design teams prefer traditional software for convenience, which often have mutual incompatibility. The designers from the Eastern Indian generally lag in coordination and collaboration compared to their peers. For many GB projects energy simulations are outsourced at the pre-final stage. All of the BIM adoption challenges were significant, but individual perceptions were strong. Experts commented on how BIM acts as a double-edged sword for the current industry and recommended three distinct sets of course of action for the

Key Words: Adoption challenges, BIM, Eastern India, Energy efficiency, Green Building

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Title : "Housing with low-cost materials and techniques for a sustainable construction in India-A review"

Author :P.V.Raja, P.S.Teja, K.S.Siddhartha, J.S.K.Rama

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:Housing is not only a social well-being metric, it still plays a very significant role in influencing the Indian economy. Both existing or emerging this is imperative for every nation to make their rural areas a major concern priority. State stability rests in the reality that its rural and urban areas are well built to meet the desires of the people residing there. Around 27 million housing units in India alone have been traced to be in short supply. The economically poorer parts and the middle class are the bulk of the population which needs accommodation. The nation is in desperate need of patching up the huge community. Unless we struggle to cope inside this community of accommodation and food, the deficit will inevitably escalate to 38 million units by 2030. In the present sense, one drastic shift is the need for an hour. Low cost housing is housing for those who are deemed accessible by a recognized housing affordability index to those with an average household income or below as classified by the government. Low cost housing is a new concept dealing with effective budgeting and follow-up of techniques that help to reduce construction costs by using local skills and technology without sacrificing the strength performance and structural life. The usage of local resources lowers shipping expenses, the proportion of which to the cost of construction resources is large for long distances and therefore ideal for local climate. The present study deals with the extensive data collection of various materials and techniques available for low-cost housing, and the development of a strategic action plan to implement the same in India’s identified places. The research further discusses the role of prefabricated concreting processes, along with 3D concrete printers and their use in low cost housing

Key Words: Low cost housing, Rice husk ash, Bamboo, Agro waste, Industrial waste, Precast construction

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Title : "Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in Green Buildings, a Pre-Requisite to Human Health and Well-Being"

Author :Ankita Banerjee, N.P.Melkania, Ayushi Nain

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is one of the most important determining factors of human health as more than half of the air inhaled by a person during his/her lifetime is at home. Prominent air pollutants found indoors are Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Particulate Matter (PM), Carbon monoxide (CO), Lead (Pb), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), and Asbestos. These pollutants are well-known causative agents of allergies, hypersensitivity, lung infections, and Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). Several forms of these pollutants are reported to be carcinogenic too. Primary sources of emissions are ordinarily from building materials, paints, furniture, Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS), and other secondary pollutants. Indoor air pollution exacerbates due to inadequate ventilation, air distribution inefficiency, and improper air intake location. Smart and sustainable approaches to green building construction should incorporate IAQ as a critical component of building design. Usage of low-VOC emitting building materials, interior components, and paints needs to be emphasized to create a wholesome indoor environment. Strategies for ample ventilation, efficient distribution of fresh air supply, properly designed Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems along with indoor air pollution control measures should be imperative to a healthy home or workspace. At a reasonable energy cost, maintaining good IAQ is incorporated by notable green-building certification systems like LEED and GRIHA. These rating agencies have included IAQ and human well-being as one of the central principles of green buildings’ evaluation. A better perception of how the IAQ affects us, and compliance of Green Building certification is, an urgent requirement for a better and healthier lifestyle.

Key Words: Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), green buildings, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Particulate Matter (PM), Sick Building Syndrome (SBS), Ozone (O3 )

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Title : Green building design: A step toward reduce energy consumption

Author :Apar Chitransh, Gazia Manjoor

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:We know that energy is a need of every person in the world, and today ’s world energy consumption is more increases due to increasing the population. Thus the thermal comfort and build environment are inter-related. As increasing the population daily as well as the built construction section increase daily and increase the greenhouse gas emission to the environment and primary energy consumption. In Recent year survey found that in construction building rate India’s construction rate is highest in the economy rate due to increase the population in Indian. And its growing rate is approximate 9.5% as compared to global average of 5%. And yes we saw that every construction building demand a highest power supply to construct them and after the construction its maintenance, operation demand to more energy. Due to this reason more than 30 % electricity used by building sector and approximate 30-40% primary energy consumption being in India. For making the green building, climate responsive building, energy efficient building we can reduce the green –house gas emission, waste management, energy consumption and water use efficiency. In this paper we talk about how to reduce the energy consumption and carbon footprint by discussing the green building by taking the various measurement and also see what is the IGBC and CII role to make the green building perfectly and how they work in India.

Key Words: Thermal comfort and energy efficiency in building, IGBC, CII sustainable habitats, green building and design

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Title : Analysis of GRIHA’s Variant for Large Development: Case of Educational Campuses in India

Author :Apoorva Dubey, Mohammad Arif Kamal

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:With the world descending into chaos of 21st century namely ecological and environmental challenges, there is a need for force to work among us and to lift us, so as to create order out of those above mentioned chaos. Resources are depleting, they need to be saved, the environment needs to be protected. Several countries have started facing earth overshoot day almost every year now. To overcome these issues, different organizations are working on it and one of them in India is GRIHA. Also govt. of India has made it mandatory for some government projects to be GRIHA certified, and they are providing some incentives for that. Some PSU buildings also have made it compulsory to be GRIHA certified. There are different variants of GRIHA and one of them is, “GRIHA for large development”. Whenever large projects are designed, executed etc., they leave great impact on build environment, hence affecting ecology, the environment, so they must be well assessed with regards to building performance, since educational campuses are such large projects. In this paper, a qualitative evaluation research method is used. This paper studies the GRIHA’s variant for large development (mainly university campuses as they are like a small city within a country) and analyses the green features of the university campuses that are GRIHA certified.

Key Words: Green building, Green building rating, GRIHA LD, Carbon footprint, Educational campus

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Title : Energy Efficiency in Buildings and Related Assessment Tools Under Indian Perspective

Author :Avijit Ghosh, Subhasis Neogi

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:The Building sector stands only after the Industrial sector as far as energy utilization and related CO2 emission criterions are concerned. Electricity use in buildings is increasing by leaps and bounds due to growing urbanization, climate change-related factors and economic developments. An energy efficient building (EEB) or in a broader sense green building (GB), besides making positive impact on Environment and Public Health, also minimizes operating costs, maximizes productivity by the users and facilitates creation of sustainable community. The potential to reduce energy consumption through energy efficient design of new buildings and retrofits to existing buildings are quite high. The rating tools available in India are utilized to help the decision makers to quantify the energy and water efficiency and other parameters to finally establish the performance of the building with least environment damaging effects, without compromising the intended functional purpose. The Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) was introduced by Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), Govt. of India, in 2007, and subsequently revised during 2017, as a step towards promoting energy efficiency in Commercial building sector. Another Code titled Eco-Niwas Samhita (ENS) had been launched by BEE during December 2018, aiming energy efficiency in Residential building sector. The ECBC and EWS both provide design norms for thermal performance requirement by building envelop, lighting system including Day-lighting, HVAC system efficiency, Electrical Distribution system including Renewable energy generation and Water heating and pumping system. Adoption of these stipulations helps in obtaining Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) by The Energy Resources Institute (TERI) and another rating by Indian Green Building Council. These ratings help in assessing sustainable parameters in Energy Efficient Buildings. In this paper, an attempt has been made to describe briefly about such rating tools with some examples under the Indian context to establish the advantages of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability in building sector.

Key Words: Energy efficient building, Green building, Environment, Emission, Electricity

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Title : Building envelope trade-off method integrated with BIM-based framework for energy-efficient building envelope

Author :Ashaprava Mohanta, Sutapa Das, Rabi Narayan Mohanty

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:In recent years, the demand for energy-efficient buildings and green buildings has increased significantly in India. However, this surge has few hindrances, i.e. the absence of a centralised green material library, alterations in the later stage of design for certification and few energy certified buildings. This paper proposed a BIM-based workflow that mainstreams this surge of energy-conscious buildings’ envelope using Building Envelope Trade-off Method (BETM) in the early design phase. BETM facilitates energy-efficient envelope through simpler calculations based on material thermal properties, orientation and surface area. A BIM library is modelled for commonly used materials and passive features. The developed workflow is demonstrated on a selected building complex, and its effectiveness is tested with a parametric simulation of 216 envelope combinations of different alternative envelope materials, orientations, and passive facade features. This result shows a similar envelope performance factor ratio for the considered orientations, whereas 0.35% and 12.49% reduction is observed in the corresponding peak cooling total load (PCTL) compared to the as-built case. The PCTL provides the necessary insight into building energy analysis considering its surrounding features. The developed workflow will ensure a better performing building envelope according to the Energy Conservation Building Code.

Key Words: BIM material library, Building envelope, Building envelope trade-off method, Building parameters, Energy efficient buildings, ECBC 2017, Site surroundings, Site microclimate

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Title : Effects of Green Buildings on the Environment

Author :Ayushi Nain, Ankita Banerjee, N.P.Melkania

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:Concerns on environmental and sustainability issues like urbanization, climate change, loss of biodiversity and resources degradation are increasing rapidly, so there is the need of advancement in housing. When various other urban stresses combine with building oppressiveness, the compact cities become unsustainable. Green buildings represent the science and styling of buildings with a planned construction following minimum impact on the surroundings by the reduction in utilization of water, energy, and disturbances in the surrounding environment by the building location. Green buildings aim on providing several efficient means to attain a range of global aims, such as, arresting climate change, building sustainable and advanced communities, and pushing inclusive economic growth. Green buildings improve human health by creating healthy indoor environment, enhance occupant’s health comfort, and improve overall quality of build environment and life. According to the recent Report of IPCC, building industry is responsible for 40 per cent of global carbon footprint is caused by usage of fossil fuels, and perform a major function in a sustainable transformation. Developing countries people lack awareness about the green buildings. Research work in developing countries is far away as compared to developed countries in green buildings. This contribution is an attempt to appraise the value of green buildings, compared to standard buildings. Attempts are also made to illustrate good practices as available regarding green structures in India.

Key Words: Green buildings, sustainability, environmental issues, carbon footprint, bio-diversity, ecosystem, urbanization

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Title : Water Efficiency and Management in Green Building: A Review

Author :Ashish R. Phanse, J.R. Pitroda

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:Water is the most important compound worldwide for life support and other varied human activities. The shortage for these specific activities demands the need for air, river, waste and water disposal, reservation and transportation to produce portable water. These studies were planned to assess the value of water conservation and quality, and the level of distribution of criteria and points through green building ranking systems. When groups, criteria and distribution of points were evaluated for ranking schemes. The analysis reveals that water is a significant category because it is included in all rating schemes and within the rating schemes have appreciable criteria and the allocation level. The difference in rank, criteria, and points distribution is focused on the social, cultural, and environmental interests of all stakeholders of the different countries. The Green Ship and Green Star SA 's highest parameters and points indicate the need for effective water production and delivery throughout the society as well as the house. While in Green Mark and BEAM is due to lack of enough fresh water for daily activities as well as building construction. As a consequence of developments in renewable water production and delivery in the respective countries, the lowest in the BREEAM, Green Star NZ and LEED has been. The study harmonized criteria included the whole sustainable building environment evaluation in terms of water supply, delivery, and use for countries establishing ranking schemes.

Key Words: Construction, Green Building, Water Efficient Technologies, Water Management, Water Efficiency

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Title : Critical Success Factors for Implementation of Green Building in India

Author :Boddapati Ganesh Kumar, Abhay Tawalare

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:For the sustainable built environment, Green Building technology is the most widely adopted trend worldwide, however, it is in a nascent stage in India. Even though the use of green building technology is advantageous over the lifecycle of the project, people are hesitant to adopt. Therefore, this study aims at identifying the critical factors affecting the implementation of green buildings in India. For this purpose, an extensive literature review was done to identify factors affecting the implementation of green buildings. In total 27 factors were identified which may be critical for the adoption of green building technology widely in an Indian context. The questionnaire was prepared using the five-point Likert scale. The questionnaire was sent through emails to 150 consultants in India and 52 valid responses received in return. The primary data is analyzed using factor analysis. The critical factors found are time and knowledge constraints, technical constraints, authenticity of research and awareness about Green Building. Though the findings of this study are based on the small sample size, it will be beneficial to the policymakers to draft necessary strategies to promote green buildings in India.

Key Words: Green Building, Questionnaire, Knowledge constraint, Technical constraint, Critical success factors

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Title : Mapping of existing residential sector energy efficiency policies and guidelines in Uttarakhand

Author :Jaydeep Bhadra, Tarun Garg, Aafsha Kansal

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:This report presents an analysis of the overall policy framework that drives the residential sector’s development in urban India, particularly in Uttarakhand. This document is part of the larger National Mission on Himalayan Studies (NMHS) project, which aims to achieve climate-responsive and low-carbon development in colder climates through low-cost and sustainable interventions. The national laws, policies, and regulations supporting urban governance have been reviewed in terms of housing and energy efficiency. The report primarily focuses on the corresponding state-level framework for Uttarakhand. A detailed review of the policy landscape at the state level for Uttarakhand has been conducted to identify entry points for mainstreaming climate change adaption and mitigation into urban development.

Key Words: Urban planning, Policy framework, Uttarakhand, Climate change adaption and Mitigation, Energy efficiency

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Title : Energy efficiency in buildings

Author :Janmejoy Gupta, Manjari Chakraborty

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:An energy-efficient building creates comfortable living conditions inside the dwelling with the least possible amount of energy consumption maximizing efficiency in use of resources. Measures to make a building energy-efficient encompass the building’s entire lifecycle: the construction process itself, going into the operation maintenance cycle and demolition phases of the building. An energy-efficient building keeps the building fully functional and thermally comfortable for its occupants as well. With the cost of energy increasing and the energy crisis being an imminent reality, the need to provide energy-efficient building designs becomes more important. As per energy statistics data obtained for 2017 for India from the Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation, buildings account for the second-highest consumption of energy after industries. An energy-efficient building balances all aspects of energy use in a building by providing an optimized mix of passive solar–design strategies, energy-efficient equipment, and renewable sources of energy.

Key Words: Energy efficiency, Energy usage, Optimization, India

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Title : Net Zero Energy Consumption building in India: An overview and initiative toward sustainable future

Author :Lohit Saini, Chandan Swaroop Meena, Binju P Raj, Nehul Agarwal, Ashok Kumar

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:The growing demand for energy in the building sector drives the need for change from fossil fuels to environment-friendly power sources which can also mitigate the effect of global warming and climate change. One of the initiatives to knock down the peak load and energy demand in buildings is stepping toward energy-efficient buildings for a sustainable future. This paper aims to review the fundamental aspects for approaching net zero energy consumption buildings (nZECB) keeping into consideration the effect of building physics and challenges faced in the pathway and its feasibility. Also, it addresses various policies and plans that can dramatically change the future of developing nations like India toward a zero-emissions energy system. Considering all the facts, this study suggests inflating our focus beyond direct energy use and opt for hybridized clean energy sources and enhance the constructional parameters for a better, greener, and cleaner future.

Key Words: Passive design, Building Envelop, Thermal load, Renewable energy, Building energy efficiency, Policies, Building physics

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Title : Role of Spatial Design in Green Buildings-A Critical Review of Green Building Rating Systems

Author :Manoj Katiyar, Ashok Kumar Sahu, Sanjay Agarwal, Pravesh Tiwrai

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:Green Building is a movement today and given the resources, all buildings aspire to be green certified. While making green building, the task is to achieve efficiency of site, energy, water and waste. The effort is rated and ranked through different green building rating systems prevalent across the world and certification label is issued based upon the credits achieved. This research paper carries out a comparison of all rating systems currently available. The credits are studied and classified under various themes (Architecture, MEP, Materials and Practices). There are further two categories under each themeproducts/technology and design. Each credit is put under one or the other category and theme. Categorization of credits revealed some astonishing facts and one of the most astonishing facts is that spatial design/architectural design hardly figures in green building rating systems across the world. Most of the credits can be earned through incorporation of more efficient technology/products. There is very little importance given to design input. While credits can be awarded for selecting higher efficiency chiller, there is no means of comparing efficiency of one type of building design to another simply because base case is different for each building in terms of design. The study reveals that potential of architectural design in achieving efficiency has totally been ignored through credits awarding system. The study concludes that some more credits need to be added to the existing system to take into account the impact of architectural design in performance evaluation of green buildings which would make not just the buildings but architecture of these buildings also green.

Key Words: Green building, Water, Waste, Energy, Architectural

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Title : "Comparison Between Traditional Building Materials & Innovative Green Building Materials"

Author :Vandanaben, Gireeja Mukund

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:Civil Constructions are practiced since decades. We had Harapan civilization, Mohen-jo-daro civilization, ancient Egyptian civilization and many more alike them, but what differentiated each other was the planning practices and the types and forms of construction. Building materials such as cement, aggregates, etc are in use since last 1800's but as and when the time passes by, we have come across various other materials such as asphalt, bitumen, etc. which are found not to be eco-friendly in nature and thus the main aim of this paper is to study about various other alternatives to these traditional building materials and move towards or take a shift towards the sustainable and innovative green building materials. This paper will focus on comparison between such building materials and perform a precise literature review on the same.

Key Words: Green materials, traditional materials, construction, innovative building materials

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Title : "Green Building Rating Systems from the prospect of sustainability dimensions through the building lifecycle"

Author :Nina Lazar, K.Chithra

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:Rapid developments followed by the industrial revolution had a huge impact on the ecosystem. The concern for the ecosystempaved the way for the concept of sustainability along with its three mutually reinforcing and interdependent economic, social, andenvironmental dimensions. The need for sustainability is reflected in almost every field and is also seen in the constructionindustry in the form of green/sustainable building practices. In 2002, World Green Building Council (WGBC) was establishedwith Green Building Councils (GBCs) representing various countries for promoting sustainable buildings. Green BuildingRating Systems (GBRS) were established by GBCs to acknowledge buildings that adopt sustainable construction practices. Inthis context, GBRS needs much attention along with its structural framework. Many researchers have analyzed the structuralframework of GBRS, and most of the studies were confined to general and category levels. Therefore, the current study attemptsto investigate the weightage of sustainability dimensions through the building lifecycle by conducting a criteria-level analysis ofGBRS. The weightage for three sustainability dimensions considered by GBRS was investigated through a questionnaire surveyusing the Budget Allocation Method (BAM). The weightage for each stage of the building lifecycle considered by GBRS wasalso investigated. The study also explored the relationship between sustainability dimensions and building lifecycle stages. Thegeneral framework of GBRS was analyzed, and suggestions for improving and refining GBRS were presented. Even though thestudy is restricted to four GBRS, the research outcome would be beneficial for developing/improving the GBRS towardsaccomplishing sustainability.

Key Words: Green Building Rating Systems, Sustainability, Sustainable development, Sustinabillity dimensions, Buildin lifecycle, Sustinable buildings

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Title : "Prioritization of sustainability dimensions and categories for residential buildings of tropical climate: A multi-criteria decision-making approach"

Author :Nina Lazar, K.Chithra

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:Green Building Rating Systems (GBRS) are widely acknowledged in the building industry towards achieving sustainable development. Initially developed GBRS were often criticized for not being holistic and regionspecific. Hence, many researchers are involved in developing a holistic system incorporating environmental, social and economic dimensions of sustainability respecting the requirements of specific countries. However, limited studies exist, considering the region-specific needs, especially in a country like India with a diversified climatic setting within. Therefore, the current study attempts to establish a hierarchy tree for assessing sustainability, focusing on residential buildings of the tropical climatic region of India. An in-depth review of GBRS and published literature succeeded by expert interviews established the hierarchy tree with eleven categories classified under three basic sustainability dimensions. Further, the perception of stakeholders was recorded and the collected data was analyzed using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to determine the priority weight of sustainability dimensions and categories. The stakeholders perceived approximately equal weight for all the three dimensions with slightly higher weight for the environmental dimension. The results also highlight the relevance of the social and economic dimensions in a developing country like India. The categories ‘Energy efficiency’ and ‘Environmental quality and well-being’ received the highest weight under environmental and social dimensions, respectively. The hierarchy tree proposed would remain as a reference for assessing building sustainability in the tropical climate. Moreover, the methodology proposed would serve as a base for developing other region-specific systems.

Key Words: Rating systems, Green homes, Sustainabillity assessment, Tropical climate, Residential buildings, Fuzzy AHP

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Title : "Role of culture in sustainable development and sustainable built environment: a review"

Author :Nina Lazar, K.Chithra

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:The mutual and interdependent link between the economic, social and environmental pillars forms the basis for sustainable development. In recent years, culture is also identified as an essential pillar in achieving sustainable development. However, a comprehensive review of published literature revealed limited studies which provide an overview of culture in sustainable development and the sustainable built environment. This study attempts to provide an overview of culture in sustainable development and the sustainable built environment by reviewing various reports of United Nations, sustainable development models, existing Green Building Rating Systems and published research. A generic set of cultural indicators and their benefits in the sustainable built environment are summarized based on bibliometric and comprehensive literature review. The study reveals several benefits of incorporating cultural elements into building design, such as improved cultural interactions, creating a sense of place, protecting place character, efficient use of energy and resources, creating job opportunities for local people, improved affordability and sustainable behavioral change. The identified generic cultural indicators act as a primary reference to develop context-specific cultural indicators while developing/enhancing building assessment/rating systems. The study outcome would also serve as a vital reference while developing region-specific design policies. The study concludes that consideration of culture as a fourth dimension is essential to accomplish sustainable development. The study recommends further investigation in the research domain to understand, develop and validate region-specific indicators for culture in the sustainable built environment and opens up the scope for future research.

Key Words: Sustainable development, Vernacular architecture, Sustainable buildings, Culture, Fourth pillar, Indicators of culture

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Title : "Use of sustainable green materials in construction of green buildings for sustainable development"

Author :Prutha Patel, Anant Patel

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:Sustainability in building construction is now major priority as it is having various advantages. The global trend is moving towards the sustainability and hence sustainable building construction has prime importance in the construction industry. Due to huge urbanization activities lot of environmental issues are originating. Building construction using sustainable materials will lead to reduction in the pollution and also improve the existing situation of environmental problems. This paper discusses the use of recycled design products in the construction industry. Affordable sustainable housing projects made from locally available construction materials are in high demand. It safeguards the natural ecosystem, economy, and energy. As a result, the report considers unique products that could fulfil the minimum requirements for sustainable building construction. The primary goal of this research is to do a comparative review to determine the viability of using recycled building materials instead of conventional building materials.

Key Words: Sustainability, Green building, Sustainable materials, Sustianable development, Affordable

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Title : "Evaluation of a Residential Building in Terms of Energy Optimisation and Water Management Criterion of GRIHA Rating System"

Author :Paritosh Rawat, Amit Maurya, Prakhar Duggal, Mukul Kumar, Ujjwal Bhardwaj, Ravinder Kumar

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:This paper mainly focuses on the prevailing information and reviews various green building construction principles, codes, and practices available for sustainable construction. The study conducted in this research paper would facilitate the construction of green buildings and help people consider the environmental factors while assessing their next building projects, consequently promoting the idea of sustainable development. We will be evaluating existing sustainable and green construction regulations and then discuss various aspects related to them.

Key Words: Green Building, Sustainable Development, Sustainable Construction, GRIHA , IGBC

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Title : "Analysing the Impact of Green Building Infrastructure on the Efficiency of Energy and Water Usage Management: A Move towards Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals"

Author :Poonam Sharma, Swati Rajput

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:The twenty first century is the age which has seen environment concerns and its deliberation in various forums from global to grassroots level seeking the solutions. The only ways the world is reaching to, is to adopt sustainable development process as also UN has declared to achieve SDG by 2030.Green buildings are one of the innovative infrastructure development where building architecture ensures that most of the natural environment around a project site is best utilised. The construction material, design and eco practices applied in these buildings help achieve the SDGs of affordable and clean energy; sustainable cities and communities; and climate action. With massive population growth and limited number of resources these buildings would be the key for future ecological sustainability. A significant number of architects and real estate investors have been doing positive work by promoting such concepts. In the present work an attempt has been made to study the green buildings concept in Delhi, Gurugram and Noida, India. The main objectives have been to assess the energy and water consumption and their efficiency in non-residential green buildings. The study also attempted to analyse the perception of the occupants of such buildings. The analysis has shown the environmental benefits of green building to a great extent in both water and energy consumption management. People have accepted that remarkable difference has been observed in green buildings.

Key Words: Sustainable Building, Parameters of Green Building, LEED Rating, Model bye laws-2016

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Title : Green Building: A Holistic Overview of Cost Effective Housing

Author :Prerana Ikhar R.

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:The history of the development of ancient Greek cities demonstrates the adoption of passive solar design, which allowed for the wintertime recovery of solar heat in all of the homes. The first experiments with the modern green construction concept were conducted in recent years as a result of the rise in oil costs in the 1970s and the environmental movement. The construction industry in India, which contributes around 7% of the country's GDP growth and is the second-largest sector after agriculture, is expected to develop at a pace of about 9.2%, as opposed to the global average of 5.5%. This industry uses roughly half of the key resources in the world and 40% of all the energy. Thus, it is important to address seriously the issue of energy security and green building efforts. For a successful cost-effective housing as green building project in Pune, this project researches the various green building technologies and rates them. In new structures created using green building principles, there is a possibility for energy savings of 40–50%, whereas retrofitting existing buildings can result in energy reductions of up to 20–25%. The additional cost compared to normal construction is approximately 5-8%, with a payback period of 2-4 years. In order to save the environment and maintain life, the study highlights the significance and advantages of green buildings.

Key Words: Economy, Green building, Rating system, Rating system, Sustainable environment

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Title : Study of Transformation of Dehradun City, Uttarakhand, India: Assessment of Energy Efficient Green Technologies Under Smart City Project

Author :Simran Agarwal, Promila Sharma, Bindu Agarwal

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:Due to continuing migration of people in Dehradun city from neighborhood areas such as Uttar Pradesh, Tehri Garhwal and many more, the many problems have been faced by people living in the city. Due to increase in population blast in the Dehradun city, it is difficult to provide good living condition to each and every citizen. The city is converting from green to grey. The Dehradun which is famous for basmati rice, litchi and mangoes and exporting throughout the world now not enough growth to feed Dehradun people itself. All the old rivers of city Rispana, Kalsi, Swaha, Bindal converted into Slums. To overcome of that condition, we construct smart city. Smart city means growth of city in all the dimensions such as social, economic, infrastructural, environmental and quality of growth. Smart city as the solution of urbanization as well as construct green building for the good living condition of human health. The research paper aim is to improve the performance of environment and save energy. Objective of writing this paper is to study the transformation of Dehradun city from old traditional to New look i.e., smart intelligent city. Second objective of this research paper is comparing the Dehradun Prime location centrally located Ashley Hall, Gandhi park, a part of Nashville road has been chosen as project boundary for analysis metrics with leadership in Energy and Environment Design (LEED) checklist. LEED is an international recognized green building certification. The work is carried out by researcher focusing thorough study of smart city project, comparison of old and present Dehradun city and then certification will be done by providing award points the major areas covered are sustainable sites, water efficiency, atmosphere energy efficiency, Material and resources, Indoor healthy environment and innovative design process all seven parameters are checked and awarded with points. This paper focusses on the smart cities design factors which are critical for the success of the smart design.

Key Words: Smart city, LEED, energy efficiency, Green building

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Title : Barriers to Adoption of Commercial Green Buildings in India: A Review

Author :Sayani Saja, Rahul B. Hiremath, Sanjay Prasad, Bimlesh Kumar

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:The global construction sector accounts for 13.2% of the world’s gross domestic product (GDP). It not only contributes to the economic growth engine of the world but also climate changes due to its high energy footprint. Sustainable buildings have the potential to reduce the adverse impacts of the construction industry, but their adoption is slow due to hindrances. The aim of this paper is to study literature on barriers to green building adoption to date and highlight the overlapping and unique barriers specific to India in comparison to a few prominent countries, and provide solutions and recommendations for future research. The methodology has been an extensive literature review of the barriers to green building (GB) adoption. The key findings, namely barriers, were classified under economic, governmental, organizational and social perception, information, technology and material categories. Barriers unique to India and a few other developing countries are an extension of project schedules, lack of research and developmental works, lack of public motivation, poor building code enforcement, high payback period, uncertain supply of green materials, improper implementation of policy framework and performance of green building technologies (GBT’s). The GB construction sector is fragmented around the world. Even the GB definition is not the same across the globe although the environmental aspect is the same. Similarly, there are unique and overlapping challenges in GB adoption globally. Buildings in usage perspectives can be classified into residential and non-residential. This study looks only at non-residential GBs due to their homogenous nature. There is a dearth of specific studies related to the adoption of GBs in India. This study aims to fulfil the gap of India’s standing in the barriers to GB adoption with respect to the developed and developing countries.

Key Words: Green buildings, Adoption, GBT

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Title : Identifying and Reviewing Green Building Alternatives for Navi Mumbai

Author :Simranjot Singh, Sanjay Mishra

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:The massive construction boom observed in Indian cities in the last two decades has resulted in a number of environmental issues such as pollution, urban heat islands, deterioration of green areas and natural vegetation; making the cities unliveable. Navi Mumbai, the city situated on the Indian west coast is surrounded by various ecologically sensitive elements both on land and in waters. As the city keeps on growing, these areas also become vulnerable so as the population residing in the city. The present article is an attempt to identify and review green building alternatives for the city by studying the various parameters and strategies given by different rating organisations in the context of Navi Mumbai and Indian scenario for sustainable development of the city in the future.

Key Words: Green buildings, sustainable development, urban heat islands, natural vegetation, ecologically sensitive areas

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Title : A study on the Green Building Concepts in Vastu Sastra principles for sustainable development

Author :V.Balasubramanian

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:The traditional Indian architecture provides us with deeper knowledge and experiential values, reflecting the essence of cultural and ritual aspects of its society through its intrinsic articulation of spatial and architectural elements that are governed by the strict architectural principles laid in early times of civilisation. It is interesting to note that these principles were aimed at providing guidance for perfect architectural productions and built environment believed to be sustainable, climatically responsive and enhance the well-being of the inhabitants. This paper tries to explore the Green Building Concepts promoted by our ancestors through the established Vastu Sastra principles which are being practised even today mundanely without recognizing the original spirit and intent.

Key Words: Green buildings, Sustainable development, Vastu Sastra, Traditional Indian Architecture, Well being

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Title : A review paper on green building research

Author :Yuvraj Singh Bhadauriya, Vishal Singh, Suneel Kumar

Publication year: 2021

Abstract:One of the most common issues on the word right now is green building technology, with the goal of reducing the development industry's various negative effects on the environment, society, and economy. Because pollution and global warming are quickly expanding over the planet, the world urgently requires a sustainable and reasonable development. Because of the increase in Green House Gases (GHGs), dramatic climatical differences occurring everyday have been noted and are being faced by almost everyone all over the world. Within settled countries such as the United States of America, Russia, Australia, and the United Kingdom, there have already been rigorous steps taken to achieve workable development, as well as rules and regulations enacted by their respective governments to assist and accomplish a workable and environmentally approachable development of their countries. However, emerging countries such as India, China, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and others are dragging in terms of founding supportable growth and environmentally friendly structures. In addition, there is a deficiency of public understanding about this worldwide issue in these emerging countries. According to surveys and study, these countries are also far behind schedule the established nations of the world. This article discusses the need for maintainable growth around the world, particularly in emerging countries such as India and China, which have enormous land-living masses and are fast emerging, with the potential to become new global superpowers in the near future. It also includes sustainable and monetary research with connections to Indian contexts, as well as a recent live instance study of a freshly built and constructed luxurious housing home in a densely populated area of India. The case study is a inhabited house that is planned and built as a sustainable and green structure in an extremely community inside the state of Maharashtra, India, as India is also known as a country of villages with the world's second largest population. According to India's 2012 census, 69.84 percent of the population, or 869.17 million people, live in 6, 47, 861 distinct villages. By using straightforward, simple, and cost-effective strategies, this study will assist Indian communities and residential buildings in becoming more sustainable and greener.

Key Words: GRIHA (Green Ratings for Integrated Habitat Assessment), IEQ (Interior Eco-Friendly Quality), LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), (Leadership in Energy & Eco-Friendly Design)

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Title : Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Green & Conventional Building based on Rain Water Harvesting

Author : A.S.Ingale

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:We live in a modern, consumerist and largely urban world consuming more energy and resources than we can replenish. Increasing global population, urbanization, rising income level and the resultant increase in consumption has resulted in unprecedented environmental damage shifting the global focus towards sustainable development. Green building can effectively solve the problem of resource shortage, however, the Green Buildings in India is very slow because of its higher cost, compared with conventional Buildings. In this paper, I analyze the construction and life cycle cost of Conventional building and Green Building based on Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Method. Objective of this study is to find out the cost of Energy savings and Water savings in Green Building over Conventional Building. Also this study gives CostBenefits Green Buildings. A comparative analysis between a Green Building and Conventional Building is adopted for this study. From previous literature review, the analysis shows that the construction cost of Green industrial manufacturing building is about 2-12 % higher than that of a Conventional building. However, operation, maintenance and end life cycle costs are in the range of 35 to 41 %, 26 to 30%, and 6 to 18 % respectively. It is expected that the outcome of this research would contribute to the organizational learning of Green built environment and there by uplift the use of sustainable construction in India.

Key Words: Green Building, Green Materials, Sustainable energy, Cost-Benefit analysis, Life cycle cost

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Title : A qualitative study to understand the factors affecting the adoption of glass fiber-reinforced gypsum (GFRG) as a sustainable building technology: insights from Indian construction industry

Author :Ruchi Garg, Ritu Chhikara, Ramendra Singh, Gautam Agrawal, Vishal Talwar, Vedant Mehra

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:"Purpose This paper aims to assess the factors favoring the adoption of the challenges faced and support mechanism, which will lead to the proliferation of glass fiber-reinforced gypsum (GFRG) technology in India. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews with 35 experts, including construction developers, architects, contractors, government officials and design consultants, were conducted. This qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis and matrix analysis. Findings GFRG-based buildings produce much less carbon footprints as compared to traditional ones and can be safely recommended as a promising, environmentally sensitive technology of the future. The major drivers in its adoption are its efficient construction capability, energy and soil conservation and significant waste reduction. Some of the challenges in implementation are long planning time, lack of skilled labor, lack of awareness about green building technologies and myopic perception of high cost incurred in green building adoption in people’s minds. Practical implications This study establishes that the construction industry has the potential to contribute toward creating a sustainable and green planet. It does so by evaluating and then positively positioning GFRG as an environmentally friendly building system. Originality/value The harmful effects of continuous environmental manipulation by humans leading to its degradation is a critical discussion agenda for most nations of the world. The issue has been taken up seriously by developing countries, and now, developing countries are also becoming sensitised to it. Several policies toward the attainment of this goal have been formulated and are being implemented by government and private bodies. Although some authors have studied the issues and challenges related to the adoption of green buildings, their attempts mostly focused on developed countries. Moreover, research that investigated the evaluation of the GFRG building system as a successful green technology of the future is inadequate."

Key Words: Sustainability and green buildings, Drivers, Barriers, Construction technology, Support mechanism, GFRG (Glass fiber-reinforced gypsum)

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Title : Evaluation of sustainability criteria for residential buildings of tropical climate: The stakeholder perspective

Author :Nina Lazar, K.Chithra

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:The efforts made in the building industry in pursuance of sustainable development is widely acknowledged as green building assessment/rating systems. The existing systems primarily concentrated on the environmental dimension, but the economic and social dimensions have earned only limited attention. In this context, both developed and developing countries are acquainted with several studies incorporating the three sustainability dimensions. However, region-specific assessment systems hardly exist, especially in India, a country with diverse climatic conditions. Therefore, the current study aims to establish the critical criteria influencing sustainability by focusing the residential buildings in the tropical climatic zone of India as a precursor to developing a new sustainability assessment system. An extensive review of the published literature and green building rating systems, along with expert interview, was adopted to establish the initial pool of criteria. Further, the perception of building stakeholders on the importance of each criterion towards the sustainability of residential buildings in the tropical climate was recorded through a questionnaire survey. The data gathered was evaluated using Fuzzy TOPSIS and Pareto analysis to arrive at the critical criteria. The findings of the current study will help practitioners, researchers, and academicians accomplish building sustainability in the tropical climate.

Key Words: Sustainable development, Sustainability criteria, Building assessment, Tropical climate, Residential buildings, Fuzzy TOPSIS

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Title : Diffusion patterns and drivers of higher-rated green buildings in the Mumbai region, India: a developing economy perspective

Author :Saurabh Verma, Satya N.Mandal, Spenser Robinson, Deepak Bajaj

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:Urban growth and extensive construction in the cities of developing countries raise questions about environmental pollution and resource challenges, along with sustainable techniques to mitigate them. Research in developed economies has concluded that sustainable construction practices and certifications like Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) can help to reduce these effects at a regional level. Metropolitan areas in developing countries, such as the Mumbai region, have had LEED-certified buildings for over a decade, but their drivers and diffusion patterns have not been studied. A regression analysis on the Mumbai's dataset of LEED-certified buildings endorsed diffusion pattern different than hierarchical diffusion of developed economies. Green buildings in the peripheral business district of Navi Mumbai are certified at higher levels than those in the central business district (CBD). Higher-level green buildings in planned outer business districts are attracting tenants from the CBD to Navi Mumbai, especially those in sectors with intensive human-capital needs. The driver for tenants demanding higher-level green buildings is the signalling benefits associated with green buildings. The results establish a linkage between occupant priorities and the type of credits emphasised in the LEED certification process. Mumbai’s higher-rated green buildings have primarily pursued credits from LEED’s Energy and Atmosphere category, signalling superior efficiency.

Key Words: Mumbai commercial buildings, Green buildings, hierarchial diffusion system, LEED scoresheet, signalling benefits, EA category credits, tenant driver

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Title : Potential and Future Prospects of Geothermal Energy in Space Conditioning of Buildings: India and Worldwide Review

Author :Vivek Aggarwal, Chandan Swaroop Meena, Ashok Kumar, Tabish Alam, Anuj Kumar, Arijit Ghosh, Aritra Ghosh

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:This paper presents modern trends in geothermal energy utilization, mainly focusing on ground source heat (GSH) pumps for space conditioning in buildings. This paper focuses on India along with a general review of studies around the world. Space conditioning of a building contributes to about 40–50% of the total energy consumed in buildings and has an adverse impact on the environment and human health. The India Cooling Action Plan (ICAP) estimates that the demand for electricity for heating and cooling of buildings will increase by over 700% in India at current levels by 2047 with an additional 800 GW of power generation capacity needed just to meet heating and cooling needs by 2050, of which about 70% is required for the residential sector only. It further intensifies as the demand for peak electric load sharply increases in summer because of the extensive use of building air conditioning systems. Researchers across the globe have tried different cooling systems and found that some systems can offer a certain amount of energy-efficient performance, and also occupant comfort. Therefore, this article examines the geothermal potential in buildings for space conditioning by critically reviewing experimental and numerical studies along with the future prospects of GSH pumps.

Key Words: Geothermal, Space conditioning, Heating, Renewable energy, Buildings, Pumps

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Title : Adaptation of an existing building into a green building

Author :Ashish Mishra, Bharat Nagar, Jagriti Gupta, Lavanya Subramanian

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:Buildings consume about 40% of the total energy of the world and hence it is essential to adopt the practice of sustainable buildings. This paper aims to redesign an existing building according to the green building norms. It also focuses on the energy efficiency and economic feasibility while redesigning the same. The hotel’s natural resource utilization and energy consumption is immense and this also has an impact on the environment. This study stresses on the benefits that would be obtained like reduced energy consumption and reduced wastage of water along with other materials thereby leading to cost savings later on. The redesigning of hotel is done using the benchmarks provided by GRIHA for subsequent analysis. The costing and relevant savings calculations for the business is also conducted to check the economic feasibility of the research.

Key Words: Green buildings, Renewable energy, GRIHA, Natural Ventilation, Wastage

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Title : An analytical hierarchy based optimization framework to aid sustainable assessment of buildings

Author :Amarnath Payyanapotta, Albert Thomas

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:Buildings are a significant consumer of energy and resources, thereby urging the designers, architects, and policymakers to place a great deal of effort in achieving and implementing sustainable building design strategies. Energy conservation codes and green building rating systems help a great deal in this by measuring the effectiveness of these strategies and thereby enhancing overall building sector performance in social, environmental, and economic perspective. However, for a developing country such as India, the steadily growing population and the rapid rate of urbanisation impose a burden on the country’s limited and continuously decreasing resource base, including the land available for construction. The number of sustainable rated or buildings compliant to energy standards is minimal in India, primarily due to the complexity and obstinate nature of the assessment systems/regulations that restrict the stakeholders and designers in proper implementation and utilisation of these rating systems. This study, therefore, aims to introduce a data-driven and user-friendly framework that cross compares the green building rating systems and energy conservation codes predominant in India. Subsequently, it helps the users to evaluate their proposed building design based on various sustainability-driven preferences. This framework utilises the information collected from the user to generate code-compliant building design strategies by employing the Analytical Hierarchy Process that considers the building’s current sustainability level and incorporating the user’s preferences in improving the overall sustainability of the buildings. The proposed framework has prospects to encourage users to test the efficiency of various sustainable construction practices and promote more sustainable buildings in the country.

Key Words: Sustainable buildings design, LEED, ECBC, Analytical hierarchy process

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Title : International Scenario of Certifications and Rating Systems for Green Buildings

Author :Aboli A. Ravikar, Deepa A. Joshi, Radhika Menon

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:Sustainable development in the construction industry demands implementation of a green rating procedure and certification to assess building. The rating tools set benchmarks for green measures for constructing and use of buildings to reduce their negative impacts on environment thereby making it more sustainable. In this paper, Rating systems and certifications across the globe are studied and compared to give a clear understanding of all for any green building project to be evaluated upon. There are 18 major certifications and 18 rating systems all over the world, however in India there are three rating systems which are mostly used viz. IGBC, GRIHA, LEED. It is recommended that a more simple system is needed for enhancing the participation of all stakeholders in Green building construction thereby leading to sustainable development.

Key Words: Certifications, Green Building, Rating systems

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Title : Sustainable development by constructing green buildings in India: A review

Author :Arun kumar Sharma, Archana Nigrawal, Prashant Baredar

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:The worldwide thought of sustainable development in the development business is to keep away from the exhaustion of regular assets and create biological parity for the present and people in the future. There emerges a significant worry to improve the pointers of Sustainable Construction (SC) regarding Social, Economical, Environmental, Political Institutional perspectives. Because of quick urbanization, the utilization of assets has expanded tremendously prompting the outflows of Greenhouse gasses (GHG) in the air. Predominantly, the development business is the major worldwide exploiter of normal assets. So as to lessen the carbon impression, it is significant to think about the typified vitality of the material before use. Consequently, there exists a striking extension for the creating nations for actualizing the feasible standards. In this way, it is critical to discover the strategies, procedures and choices for improving the supportable idea in the urban biological system. As a piece of the exploration, this survey paper endeavors to unite the ebb and flow considerations of accessible examination in the writing and gives the degree of potential outcomes of creating, actualizing and fusing manageability in the development business.

Key Words: Sustainable, Green building, Economy, Environment, Construction, Government

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Title : Design of New Green Building Using Indian Green Building Council Rating System

Author :Ashish S. Srivastava, Rajendra B. Magar

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:The concept of commercial green building is to minimize the wastages at all construction stages, including operation and maintenance. It requires to evaluate the building for a minimal additional cost of construction in comparison to the base case of typical building and reduction in lifetime use maintenance cost of a building. Thus, it is to ensure return on investment, not beyond the maximum of five years based on the lifecycle of a commercial building. The green building has a perspective in terms of planning and design to negate the overall impact due to construction on the universal environment and its corresponding effects on human health and wellbeing. Skillful use of water, energy, and other resources for sustainability and thereby reduce the impact on the environment, protect the health of occupants and thereby increase their productivity. The green features supplemented and considered are a minimal disturbance to landscape, site conditions available, also the effective use of recycled and recyclable environment-friendly building materials. Avoiding the use of toxic materials, like lead in interior paints, finishes and freon gas in air conditioning system, skillful use of portable water, and novel methods of recycling the used water. Effective and efficient use of energy by the use of low consumption energy efficient fittings and equipment. The use of renewable energy for augmentation of energy requirements. Efficient planning and design of quality of indoor air quality for the comfort of occupants. Increasing the overall efficiency of the building by the use of automation and building information management systems. This case study includes the overall practical evaluation of a proposed office building for the requirements as per intent. A programmed spreadsheet is prepared to comply with the intents as per the requirement of the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) [1].

Key Words: Green building, Sustainable building, Renewable energy, Recyclable material, Spreadsheet

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Title : Early-Stage Design Guidelines for Net-Zero-Energy Office Buildings in Tropical Climate

Author :Farheen Bano, Vandana Sehgal, Mohammad Tahseen

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:The rapid growth of energy consumption in buildings has imposed increasing pressure on environmental protection. Energy consumption in buildings for heating, cooling, and lighting must be reduced in all Indian cities to meet the goals set by the latest directives of the Smart Cities Mission, which require the energy consumption to be reduced by 20% and the use of renewable energy sources to be increased by 20%. These goals can be achieved by constructing net-zero-energy buildings (nZEBs) in the future. In this study, the design approaches required for constructing nZEBs in tropical climate were analyzed through nZEB case studies in a tropical region. These strategies were then applied and tested on an energy-efficient office building in Gurgaon through energy simulation. A calibrated reference model was generated to apply passive and active techniques as well as analyze the simulation results. Finally, renewable energy sources were implemented to provide energy to the building or directly into the grid, which resulted in an nZEB. The case studies and simulation indicate that for every 34-44 m 2 of floor area, photovoltaic panels with a power output of 1 kW are required in nZEBs.

Key Words: Net-Zero-energy building, Energy-efficient buildings, Passive feature, Simulation-based approach, Renewable energy technologies

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Title : A Study of Passive and Active Strategies through Case Studies for the Composite Climate Zone of India

Author :Gaurav Gangwar, Prabhjot Kaur, Inderpal Singh

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:"There are only 4500 buildings and about 4.17 billion square feet of the area under green buildings till 2016. It is only around 5% of India's total construction, and there is considerable potential for sustainable design in the Indian market. Sustainable building design requires passive and active techniques. It is vital to design a sustainable building that uses passive strategies to its fullest because they are cheaper and more efficient than active strategies. The designer emphasizes active features and neglects passive features to obtain sustainable building ratings in the current context. The whole purpose of sustainable design has been defeated. To achieve a sustainable design in a real sense, passive strategies should be formed in response to the local climate and given primary importance. Active strategies are only bound to complement passive strategies. This study focuses on understanding the passive design strategies for India's composite climate in response to the local climate through case studies of buildings. This paper deals with passive design strategies such as orientation, fenestration, shading devices, earth touch, roof garden, water, landscaping, and active strategies, often include solar panels, solar water heaters and wind towers. The two studies, i.e., the American Institute of Indian Studies and the Solar Energy Center, use the sunken courtyard, orientation, shading devices, water bodies, a verandah inspired by traditional passive features, and another study, the PEDA Complex, use the southern dome structure, shading devices, water bodies as modern passive features. All studies use active strategies to complement passive strategies. The study concludes that all three case studies use passive strategies as primary ones, either influenced by traditional architecture or modern perception and that active strategies complement passive strategies. "

Key Words: PEDA Complex, American Institute of Indian Studies, Solar Energy Center, Passive Strategies, Active Strategies, Sustainable Design

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Title : Green Buildings: Building a Greener City, a Greener Future—An Indian Perspective

Author :Kriti Kanaujia

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:"Green building as a concept has become popular in recent years due to concerns of un-sustainability and climate change. It is premised on being energy and resource efficient from its inception to manifestation; in order to minimize environmental and energy consumption costs. Although, the concept may seem new, but the practice has been done since centuries in India in the form of white roofs of Jaisalmer to rain water harvesting methods of baolis (step-wells), hauz (water reservoir) and tals (lakes) in numerous old forts and palaces of India. Even in contemporary India, many sustainable techniques are being promoted by the Government of India in synchronization with State governments. Green buildings are the need of the hour because they will help reduce our ecological footprint by adapting to the existing climate and helping us to mitigate the effects of climate change to a considerable level. Green buildings are the building blocks of Smart Cities.

Key Words: Green building, Old practices, New energy efficient techniques, Sustainability, Urban areas, Smart cities

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Title : Analysis of Green Building Certification Attainment through GRIHA System for R & D Block at KLEF, India

Author :Manaswini Bondili, Naga Chaitanya Kavuri

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:"GRIHA is known as a green rating for integrated habitat assessment. The National Scoring System would periodically research the environmental efficiency of a building in its full life cycle; it will provide a clear benchmark for what makes a green building. Both national and international definitions are focused on the development and implementation of all emerging technologies that have an excellent balance on the energy and environmental values of the scoring system. The Green Building Rating System is a method that tests the environmental efficiency of a building through its life cycle. The current paper analyses the process for achieving the GRIHA ranking by evaluating many criteria such as site conditions, resource and activity, social aspects, energy optimization, waste management, human health and the security of the inhabitants in the recycling and reuse of products, lighting control, and water management for the academic building in Andhra Pradesh.

Key Words: GRIHA, Green building, India

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Title : Assessing governance of low energy green building innovation in the building sector: Insights from Singapore and Delhi

Author :Mansi Jain, Vidushini Siva, Thomas Hoppe, Hans Bressers

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:"This paper explores the governance of sectoral innovation and niche formation of green buildings and other low energy buildings (like NZEBs). Two analytical frameworks are used and synthesized: the Sectoral Systems Innovation Assessment framework (SSIAf) and the Governance Assessment Tool (GAT). The key components of the former are: shaping of expectations, actor network formation, institutions, learning process, and stimulating market demand. The SSIAf components are then assessed against the four quality criterions of the GAT framework, i.e. extent, coherence, flexibility, and intensity. The research design presented in this paper applies the analytical framework developed to case studies of two cities: Singapore and Delhi. Data collection involved participant observation and expert interviews. The results of the study reveal that the overall governance conditions in Singapore are fairly strong and highly supported by the government, unlike Delhi where governance quality was found to lack coherence and intensity, and can be considered only moderately supportive to green building innovations. The results also reveal the role of government actors in steering the energy transformation process in building sector. The analytical framework developed in this paper can be further elaborated, also as a potential policy tool to support cities in managing energy system innovations like energy infrastructures, smart grids or community energy storage in diverse and complex urban settings.

Key Words: Energy Transitions, Governance, Innovation, Green buildings

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Title : Energy saving opportunities in buildings using cool roofs for India: A review

Author :Mohan Rawat, R.N.Singh

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:"This paper explores the governance of sectoral innovation and niche formation of green buildings and other low energy buildings (like NZEBs). Two analytical frameworks are used and synthesized: the Sectoral Systems Innovation Assessment framework (SSIAf) and the Governance Assessment Tool (GAT). The key components of the former are: shaping of expectations, actor network formation, institutions, learning process, and stimulating market demand. The SSIAf components are then assessed against the four quality criterions of the GAT framework, i.e. extent, coherence, flexibility, and intensity. The research design presented in this paper applies the analytical framework developed to case studies of two cities: Singapore and Delhi. Data collection involved participant observation and expert interviews. The results of the study reveal that the overall governance conditions in Singapore are fairly strong and highly supported by the government, unlike Delhi where governance quality was found to lack coherence and intensity, and can be considered only moderately supportive to green building innovations. The results also reveal the role of government actors in steering the energy transformation process in building sector. The analytical framework developed in this paper can be further elaborated, also as a potential policy tool to support cities in managing energy system innovations like energy infrastructures, smart grids or community energy storage in diverse and complex urban settings.

Key Words: Energy saving, Cool roof, India, Energy conservation

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Title : Application of Green Technology in Construction Industry to Increase the Level of Eco-friendly Environment

Author :Jinesh Mistry, Ankitkumar Patel

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:In recent times the building industry has been seen as highly competitive and diverse. In order to remain progressive in such an environment, construction firms need to be aggressive when it comes to getting business. This is when importance of Green building construction takes part. Green Development helps to reduce the level of pollution in the environment and creates a good living of standard. This research mainly aims on the green building materials and methods used to create a good and durable construction. Initially through literature review, it is understood that how the concept of Green Technology is useful in construction industry to make an eco-friendly environment. Data is collected from the various case studies which include the Green Building concept. Data analysis is done for a proposed building which gives us benefits in reduce the cost of the energy and also give the idea about the use of renewable energy which reduce the cost of project. It is examined that by accepting the Green Technology in our development it will make an eco-friendly environment.

Key Words: Green Development, Eco-Friendly, Renewable resources

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Title : Green Building rating systems and energy efficiency of a building from the building lifecycle perspective

Author :Nina Lazar, K.Chithra

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:Developmental activities after the industrial revolution had a substantial environmental impact. In an attempt to reduce the impact, the concept of sustainability attained much popularity in the global context. To promote sustainable construction practices, the World Green Building Council (WGBC) got instituted in the year 2002 with Green Building Councils (GBC) from different countries. Green Building Councils have developed various Green Building Rating Systems (GBRS) across the globe, covering different domains of sustainability like Energy Efficiency, Water Efficiency, Sustainable Materials, Sustainable Sites, and Indoor Environmental Quality. Statistics show that buildings consume 30–40% of total global energy. In this context, it is very much relevant to find out the scope for reducing the energy consumption in buildings, and it is achieved by carefully analysing each stage of the building lifecycle. The Green Building Rating Systems is an essential tool to assess and reduce energy consumption in buildings. This study aims to investigate the weight for various phases of the building lifecycle exploring existing GBRS. The general framework of the GBRS is investigated. The study results would serve as a useful reference while developing and improving GBRS towards achieving sustainability.

Key Words: Green building ratnig systems, Energy efficiency, Building lifecycle, Sustainability, Sustainable development

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Title : Comprehensive bibliometric mapping of publication trends in the development of Building Sustainability Assessment Systems

Author :Nina Lazar, K.Chithra

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:Sustainability assessment of buildings gained importance during the early 2000s and is still topical. Numerous building sustainability assessment systems exist worldwide, and there are several systematic reviews of sustainability assessment systems for buildings, especially on Green Building Rating Systems. However, only a trickle of studies documented and summarized the published literature on the development of assessment systems for measuring building sustainability. The current study employs bibliometric analysis to bring out the publication trends on the topic using the open-source R-package tool ‘bibliometrix’. The tool translates the data extracted from online database to various visualized forms. Considering the wider coverage, the current study identified articles from Scopus database and analyzed the annual publication trends, author contribution, citation count of articles, contribution of various countries, contribution of various universities, trending scientific journals and popular keywords. This article also furnishes a snapshot of co-occurrence of author keywords, collaboration between different authors, countries and institutions, co-citation of articles and the historiography based on the data extracted from Scopus. The article concludes with recommendations for future research.

Key Words: Bibliometrix, Literature review, Sustainability, Building sustainability, Assessment system

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Title : A comprehensive literature review on development of Building Sustainability Assessment Systems

Author :Nina Lazar, K.Chithra

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:Sustainable development and realistic assessment of building sustainability have attained greater importance all over the world. In order to promote sustainable construction practices, Building Sustainability Assessment Systems (BSAS) has been developed by various organisations, academicians and practitioners. The BSAS mainly include Green Building Rating Systems (GBRS). Apart from GBRS there exist hundreds of BSAS. Several authors have reviewed and summarized GBRS existing in different countries. However, hardly any articles exist, that have consolidated and summarized the published literature on the development of BSAS. The literature search also revealed Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) as the most widely used method for developing BSAS. Therefore, the current study has attempted to review and summarize the published literature on BSAS developed using MCDM methods. The study has revealed the major research efforts conducted by various countries. The study has also summarized the hierarchy tree/structural framework considered by BSAS. Moreover, the review has identified six major steps involved in the development of BSAS using MCDM methods and summarized the methods adopted at each step by various authors. The article also discusses the changes and enrichments that happened in the domain of BSAS. The article also delves into the opportunities for future research in the development of BSAS. The study would be first of its kind to comprehensively review the published literature on the development of BSAS across the globe. The study outcome would serve as a useful reference for practitioners and academicians while developing and customizing BSAS, and would add significant value to the body of knowledge of BSAS.

Key Words: Assessment system, Building development, Literature review, Sustainability

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Title : Investigation of key criteria influencing the sustainability of residential buildings in tropical climate

Author :Nina Lazar, K.Chithra

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:Introduction: The need for sustainable cities and societies is well established and it is recognized as one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Sustainable buildings are the key elements in the fabric of sustainable cities. The efforts made in the building sector to accomplish the SDGs is widely accepted in the form of building rating systems and assessment systems, primarily focussing the environmental dimension, but the social and economic dimensions have gained less attention. In this context, developing countries are accustomed to many studies incorporating the three dimensions of sustainability. However, region-specific assessment systems and studies hardly exist especially in a country like India with diverse climatic conditions. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the key criteria influencing the environmental, social and economic sustainability with specific focus to residential buildings in the tropical climatic region of India. Methods: A comprehensive review of the existing Green Building Rating Systems (GBRS) and published literature was performed to establish the initial pool of criteria. Additionally, a questionnaire survey was conducted among experts from various domains to record the importance of each criterion towards sustainability of residential buildings in the tropical climate. The data collected through the questionnaire survey was analyzed and the degree of importance of each criterion was derived using Fuzzy TOPSIS. Further, Pareto analysis was used to arrive at the key criteria. Results: This study has evaluated the importance of each criterion towards sustainability and has proposed a comprehensive framework for assessing the sustainability of residential buildings in tropical climate incorporating the three dimensions of sustainability. The proposed framework would help the state and national governments to streamline the activities in the building sector towards achieving sustainability. Conclusions: The study concludes that a combination of Fuzzy TOPSIS and Pareto analysis is an effective method to define key criteria influencing sustainability. The findings of this study can be helpful to practitioners, researchers and academicians to achieve building sustainability in the tropical climate.

Key Words: Sustainability, Residential buildings, Tropical climate

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Title : Sustainability Study of Green Buildings in India- Through Pestle and Swoc Analysis

Author :Priyanka Nayak, Narayan Kayarkatte

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:Sustainable construction is a living term that cannot be precisely defined. Building companies came up with sustainable buildings as a response to call for sustainable growth. Sustainable buildings have evolved from exploring more sustainable activities to make buildings self-sustaining. Green buildings are yet another concept used for sustainable development in the real estate industry. Green technologies and green practices are being proclaimed and adopted at all levels of society, but the idea of green building in India has not yet reached a point where it could have a greater effect on society. This paper, through a comprehensive literature survey and analysis attempts to examine the future of green buildings through strategic business models. The study reveals that there is a great scope for extensive construction of green buildings in India, but lack of proper policies and incentives, aggressive action, and shortcomings in processing and communication are the hindrances. This paper also suggests some actions at the individual and institutional level to enhance the construction of green buildings.

Key Words: Green Buildings, GRIHA, Sustainable Construction, IGBC, LEED, PESTLE Analysis

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Title : Status of BIPV and BAPV System for Less Energy-Hungry Building in India—A Review

Author :Pranavamshu Reddy, M.V.N.Surendra Gupta, Srijita Nundy, A. Karthick, Aritra Ghosh

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:The photovoltaic (PV) system is one of the most promising technologies that generate benevolent electricity. Therefore, fossil fuel-generated electric power plants, that emit an enormous amount of greenhouse gases, can be replaced by the PV power plant. However, due to its lower efficiency than a traditional power plant, and to generate equal amount of power, a large land area is required for the PV power plant. Also, transmission and distribution losses are intricate issues for PV power plants. Therefore, the inclusion of PV into a building is one of the holistic approaches which reduce the necessity for such large land areas. Building-integrated and building attached/applied are the two types where PV can be included in the building. Building applied/attached PV(BAPV) indicates that the PV system is added/attached or applied to a building, whereas, building integrated PV (BIPV) illustrates the concept of replacing the traditional building envelop, such as window, wall, roof by PV. In India, applying PV on a building is growing due to India’s solar mission target for 2022. In 2015, through Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission, India targeted to achieve 100 GW PV power of which 40 GW will be acquired from roof-integrated PV by 2022. By the end of December 2019, India achieved 33.7 GW total installed PV power. Also, green/zero energy/and sustainable buildings are gaining significance in India due to rapid urbanization. However, BIPV system is rarely used in India which is likely due to a lack of government support and public awareness. This work reviewed the status of BIPV/BAPV system in India. The BIPV window system can probably be the suitable BIPV product for Indian context to reduce the building’s HVAC load.

Key Words: India, BIPV/BAPV, JNNSM, MNRE, Zero energy-building

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Title : Develop the climatic condition ratio for typical building in India

Author :P Payal Jain, K Naga Chaitanya

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:Diverse climatic condition influences building performance. It results in varying levels of energy utilization and Carbon dioxide emission. The building’s energy performance will also fluctuate based on climatic conditions. Thus comparing buildings in a range of climatic zones will lead to unjustified outcomes. It is of utmost importance to know what range the climatic conditions can impact a building’s energy performance. To improve the precision of building assessment rating tools, the climatic condition ratio is developed for various climatic regions of India by performing energy simulation on the typical building

Key Words: Climate consition ratio, Typical building, India, GBRS

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Title : Emerging Energy Consumption and Efficiency Challenges in Urban India: A Review

Author :Radhika Bhanja, Koel Roychowdhury

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:India is currently the world’s third largest energy consumer after China and the United States. The energy required for India’s growing urban population is highly demanding whilst industrial growth and economic development is constrained due to an acute scarcity of energy resources in the country. This study reviews the relationship between the impact of urbanization and energy consumption patterns in the Indian context. India’s adoption of energy efficiency measures to cut down fossil fuel consumption can reduce carbon emissions in cities. Thus, the paper also presents an insight into existing urban development and energy policies which attempt to address the issue of energy efficiency in India. The review indicates that urban transport and infrastructure policies have addressed energy efficiency targets in their objectives while the urban housing policies are more inclined towards providing shelter and basic services to all. The paper consolidates suggestions to design more energy-efficient urban development policies for India. The energy demand of India’s growing urban population necessitates the adoption of energy-efficient technologies for both the production and consumption of renewable energy in cities in order to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 by 2030.

Key Words: Energy Consumption, Energy Efficiency, Urban Development Policy, Energy Policy, Renewable Energy

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Title : ‘Green building’ movement in India: study on institutional support and regulatory support

Author :Ravindra Pratap Singh, A.S.Raghubanshi

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:For most of human history, human beings lived in low-density rural areas. However, it is predicted that about 68% of the world's population will live in urban areas by 2050, while Africa and Asia will account for about 90% of the global population growth. Cities are places where a large number of people live in small areas and that provide economies of scale in the form of jobs, housing and services. India, China and Nigeria together will drive 35% of the urban population growth by 2050. Million-plus cities in India are expected to increase from 53 in 2011 to about 87 in 2031. Such intense urban growth poses challenges for the natural ecosystem and biodiversity of urban areas, especially due to a large increase of houses and roads in rapidly urbanizing countries like India. This built infrastructure also uses a huge amount of energy, emits greenhouse gases and produces wastes. In order to mitigate the impact of built infrastructure in cities, certain certification programes were introduced like LEED India and the GRIHA in India. These certifications aim to regulate the infrastructure and promote sustainable building practices to preserve urban ecology. Their application is closely linked with the building bylaws of the State and Central Government in India. This chapter has explored the present status of these certification initiatives in India. We have also identified the key issues and regulatory bodies that might enhance the impact of these certifications on the urban built infrastructure.

Key Words: Green Building, India, LEED, GRIHA, Demographic growth, Urbanization

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Title : The Effect of Green Buildings on Employees’ Performance

Author :Subhadarsini Parida

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:This thesis reports on the evaluation of the impact of green human resource management (Green HRM) on performance outcomes in green buildings in the contexts of Australia and India. There are three research objectives of this study (1) To review the existing evidence on the role of management in green building design; (2) To develop the dimensions of performance outcomes in green buildings that management can influence; (3) To identify the management practices improving employees’ behaviours in green buildings. Studies on green buildings have grown significantly in number in the last decade; however, capturing building performance in a green building context has received limited attention. Moreover, the expected performance of green buildings has shown different results compared to their actual performance. This has mostly been due to the behaviours of occupants who were not aware of green buildings’ design features. Occupants’ behaviours have gained importance in the design literature when evaluating building performance as this approach is likely to be linked to workplace satisfaction and to be associated with the creation of a productive workplace. Furthermore, in the operational phase, building performance is dependent on occupants’ behaviours, especially in relation to full utilisation of the green design features of the building.

Key Words: green buildings, green human resource management, systematic review, workplace environmental behaviours, performance, environmental performance, organisational identification, job satisfaction, work-related flow

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Title : Integration of advances in sustainable technologies for the development of the Sustainable Building Assessment Tool

Author :Suchith Reddy Arukula, Rathish Kumar Pancharathi

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:The construction sector is a resource-driven and resource-dependent industry. A rising global interest to incorporate sustainability principles in the policy-making means a careful balancing of economic growth with sustainability. To achieve this end in the Indian building sector, a triple-bottom-line-based building assessment tool like GRIHA and IGBC was introduced for assessing building sustainability. However, to revitalize the ideas of Reduce, Replace, Reuse, Recycle and Renovate (the ‘5Rs’) into implementable solutions, the technological dimension is introduced to form a quadruple bottom line (QBL) approach, i.e., social, environmental, economic and technological (SEET), for achieving sustainable construction. This study aims to address the necessity to add a new dimension, viz. technological advances in the sustainability arena of the construction industry. The objective of the study is to include technological advances in building materials, construction processes and techniques and design philosophies in the developed SBAT framework. In this extended and upgraded SBAT 2.0, advances in sustainability (AS) criterion accounts for 11.5 per cent showing its significance in achieving building sustainability. The use of discrete reinforcement, additive manufacturing, 3D printing, design based on packing density and rheological properties of concrete, use of alkali-activated materials in the mix-design and performance-based design concepts that affect future sustainability are successfully brought into the fold of SBAT framework.

Key Words: Building assessment, Fuzzy-AHP, MCDM, Quadruple bottom line, SBAT framework, Sustainability

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Title : The role of Energy Conservation Building Code 2017 in Indian Energy Policy

Author :Shaikh Shamsher Ali, Ruchi Tyagi

Publication year: 2020

Abstract:With the advancement in technology and the need for development by both developed and developing countries, energy plays a vital role in the whole process of sustainability. India’s security score has been declining since 2000 due to decrease in energy storing capacity, scarcity in primary energy supply sources and to much dependency on import. The World Energy Council’s latest Energy Trilemma Index covering 128 countries shows how energy policies are changing around the world. India’s energy policies and infrastructure are rated among the worst in the world with 109th rank with overall score of 50.3. India scores high on Energy Security but struggles on sustainability and equity indicators giving clear indication on revisiting ECBC 2017. This paper reviews and compares ECMs between two versions of the code titled ECBC 2007 and ECBC 2017 and identify the role of human behavior as a missing link. This paper suggest Low Cost Energy Conservation Measure focused on sustainability and environment.

Key Words: Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) 2017, Energy Conservation, Energy Conservation Act 2001, Human Behavior, Indian Energy Policy, Sustainability

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Title : A Review on Green Building Movement in India

Author :Dibas Manna, Sulagno Banerjee

Publication year: 2019

Abstract: At present, we all are aware of how Green House Effect, resource depletion, environmental degradation is increasing day by day in our planet. Earth is badly in need of sustainable development by reducing pollution, reducing dependence on natural resources, reducing Global Warming etc. Else, after almost 200 years, there will be no life on Earth as predicted by Professor Stephen Hawking. It will be similar like any other planets where it is impossible to live. Even the smallest changes that we can make will help to promote a better Earth as similar to butterfly effect. The developed countries are more advanced in their technologies and rules to have ecofriendly constructions. Whereas the developing countries are not so much aware of this fact. The studies and the research works in these countries are also way far behind as compared to the developed nations in the world. But exceptionally, India being a developing country, it is quite advanced in this aspect and have a good rank when compared to all other countries. Aim of ecofriendly constructions or green building projects is to reduce the significant impact of construction industry on the environment. There are certain criteria on the basis of which a building is rated and certified. It assures that the building would follow those criteria throughout the life of the building. Government of many states in India provides incentives for such kind of constructions. Green buildings not only save nature to a great extent but also save the inhabitants by providing an healthy environment to live in. This paper will make people know about the Green Building Movement in India and how Green Buildings are designed so that they can save the Earth from degradation. The Green Building rating system and their process of certification are mentioned in this paper. One who reads, would also get to know about the barriers faced to have ecofriendly constructions in India and the rank of the country in producing sustainable built environment when compared to all other countries.

Key Words: Eco-friendly, Efficiency, Green Building, Rating, Recycle, Reuse, Resource, Sustainable development

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Title : Development of Green Building Rating System Using AHP and Fuzzy Integrals: A Case of India

Author : G.S.Vyas, K.N.Jha, Dilip A.Patel

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:The greenness of a building is measured through green building assessment tools. These tools have limitations because they cannot be applied to all regions. The aim of this research was to develop a green building assessment tool that can rate the greenness of new buildings in India. For this, a study was conducted by adopting nine green building components with 34 attributes relevant to the measurement of greenness. For evaluating the green building index (GBI), a three-level hierarchical structure was constructed in which the GBI is at Level 1, and the nine components and 34 attributes are at Levels 2 and 3, respectively. In this study, an integrated approach consisting of an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy integrals was used. The 42 responses obtained from green building experts were used to find the weights of the components using the AHP. The relative importance of different attributes was computed using fuzzy measures and fuzzy integrals. Finally, the weighted-sum method (WSM) was employed to get the overall GBI. The results of the proposed approach are compared with Indian case studies. The findings of this article can be helpful to green building planners, designers, and developers.

Key Words: Green building, Analytical hierarchy process (AHP), Fuzzy integral, India

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Title : Identifying and evaluating green building attributes by environment, social, and economic pillars of sustainability

Author :G.S.Vyas, K.N.Jha, N.R.Rajhans

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:Green building (GB) rating systems are developed to measure the level of extent or sustainability of buildings. It is very important to focus on the attributes that require more cost and are contributing more to decreasing the negative impact of construction on the environment or nature. This analysis presents an idea-based conceptual model for prioritising the GB attributes by considering the environmental, social, and economic pillars of sustainable construction or monetary mainstays of manageable development. To analyse the environmentally and socially essential attributes, an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and an entropy method were used. For the economic analysis, a data envelopment analysis (DEA) was applied. If the decision makers give more importance to the environmental and social pillars of sustainability then they can consider the attributes such as occupants’ health, safety and comfort, climatic conditions, the cost of investment, operation and maintenance cost, and indoor air quality. If the construction stakeholder wishes to achieve more green points with limited funds then the important attributes are: operation and maintenance cost, material recycle, low-impact construction site techniques, locally available materials, and soil pollution. The proposed approach can advance GB construction practices that are not liable to result from conventional practices.

Key Words: Green buildings, Sustainability, Analytical hierarchy process, Data envelopment analysis

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Title : First onsite net zero energy building of India

Author :K.M.Soni, P. Bhagat Singh

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:Central Public Works Department has constructed a net zero energy building for the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, frst of its kind in India, generating onsite solar power as per its total requirement. To make net zero energy building, the demand was optimised by using energy-efcient materials and equipments and then providing rooftop solar power panels on courtyard, rooftop and extended cantilever mild steel structures. To make the building energy-efcient, various green building features were adopted in this centrally air-conditioned building including geothermal heat exchange system. The building has ground plus seven-storey reinforced concrete framed structure with three basements for car parking and installation of essential services. The building was planned and executed as fve star green building conforming to green rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) council of India. Green building features included architectural, civil, electrical and mechanical, landscape and horticulture criteria. The paper discusses the measures adopted to get fve star green rating and details of onsite net zero energy building.

Key Words: Energy-efficient office building, Geothermal heat exchange, Solar power, Five star rating

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Title : A Comparative Study on Green Building Rating Systems in India in terms of Energy and Water

Author :Yashwanth Pamu, Kona Mahesh

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:Construction Industry has many adverse effects on the environment. Few non-profit organizations have been educating people about the ill-effects of construction activities to bring awareness among people. This awareness among the general public will mandate the builders to choose alternative materials and methods in construction related activities which have less adverse effects on the environment. In order to achieve this, few organizations have setup standards for various materials and procedures in construction to reduce the load on the environment. Two such organizations in India are Indian Green Buildings Council abbreviated as IGBC and Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment abbreviated as GRIHA . IGBC certifies / ratifies buildings like educational, residential, commercial, etc. Out of several criterion mentioned in their respective manuals, energy and water are the most important criteria. In this paper, an attempt is made to compare the two green building rating systems in India for existing buildings in terms of energy and water.

Key Words: Alternative materials, Environmental load, Rating systems, Energy, Water

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Title : Application of Green Building Concept

Author :Anand Patel, Prajapati Nil

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:Nowadays we are facing various environmental impacts due to which we need to build with more sustainable materials which will lead to reduction of impacts on environment. Use of tradition construction method and materials into environment degradation a comprehensive approach of adopting green building concept in the process of design to demolition good heal to achieve. A better environment standard an approach of sustainability good provide a benchmark for further generation in relation to reducing cart footprint on the environment, Further, analysis focuses on identifying methods and indicators that can be adopted for the assessment of green potential. As there are many green building assessment bodies are there for green building point system such as IGBC, LEED, and GRIHA etc. for evaluation of green building.

Key Words: Green building, Sustainability, conventional method, Green Rating System

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Title : Understanding the role of Occupants in Green Building Energy Performance

Author :Ashima C Grover

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:The energy performance of a building is dependent on various decisions and actions taken by the key stakeholders like building designers, operators, managers, consultants, engineers, occupants, vendors, researchers and policymakers, throughout the building's lifecycle. Amongst all the stakeholders' occupants of the building are the one who experiences and interacts with the building systems on a regular basis throughout the buildings' operational phase. The true nature of this dynamic and diverse interaction is difficult to understand, estimate or document for a building designer, therefore, a standard representation is considered in the preconstruction-simulation process. In the published literature, it is a widely established fact that this leads to a performance gap between the predicted and actual energy consumption of buildings. Built on this fact this paper explores the human dimension of building energy performance and presents a thorough literature review to understand occupant and building system interaction. It also highlights the research need and obstacles to fully integrate the occupant behaviour into the building design and operation process to close the energy performance gap while enhancing the occupant comfort and satisfaction. This review concludes with recommendations for all stakeholders for addressing this knowledge and practice void in the process of building performance evaluation, also reforms needed in Indian green building industry.

Key Words: Green building energy performance, Occupant behaviour

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Title : Quantitative Assessment of sustainable Performance Criteria for Developing a Sustainable Building Assessment Tool (SBAT)

Author :A. Suchith Reddy, P. Rathish Kumar, Anand Raj

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:Considering common concerns and specific priorities of developing countries like India, the study has recognized and explored 8 criteria and 4 indicators in assessing sustainable building performance, and further extended to quantify the identified criteria based on the attributes and prerequisites. The objective of the present study is to assess the degree of performance of a sustainable building based on quantification of associated attributes and prerequisites. The developed approach has been integrated with a coding program using C++, a user-friendly software interface to develop a sustainable building assessment tool (SBAT). The developed holistic framework will not only facilitate in providing the guidelines for sustainable design and practice, but also, measures the building sustainability score to achieve sustainable construction. This simple and lucid software helps the designers and architects in measuring the performance of building towards sustainability.

Key Words: Sustainable Assessment Tool, Building Performance Score, Green Rating System, MCDM, Energy Efficiency

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Title : Comparision of green building rating schemes used in North America, Europe and Asia

Author :C.R.Subhash Varma, Sivakumar Palaniappan

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:Green building rating schemes are used in industry practice as a practical tool for sustainable development. Green building ratings facilitate conservation of natural resources and reduction in environmental impacts while satisfying the user requirements. The credit structure, indicators, level of certification, priorities allocated to environmental, economic and social aspects of sustainable development vary widely among the green building schemes used in different countries. This study presents a comprehensive comparison of credit structure and indicators of ten green building rating schemes that are widely used in North America, Europe and Asia. Green building schemes namely Green Globes, LEED USA, BREEAM, DGNB system, GRIHA, IGBC system, BEAM Plus, Green Mark, CASBEE and Green Star are considered. The comparison is performed at six different levels. The extent to which the sustainable development objectives are met in these schemes is evaluated. Further, this study examines the credit structuring of the two Indian green building schemes – GRIHA and the IGBC system, identifies the areas of improvement and proposes a framework for the next-generation green building scheme that could be adopted in India. The findings of this study are beneficial to improve the effectiveness of green building rating schemes in India.

Key Words: Green building rating schemes, Sustainable development, Next-generation green building rating system

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Title : Reinforcing the Concept of Green Buildings in Indian Real Estate Industry

Author :Dipanita Roy

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:"In recent times the growing sense of environment protection has witnessed radical changes in industrial sector and real estate is no different. With passing time we have witnessed the growth of the concept of green buildings not only around the world but also in Indian real estate industry. In this work, the author will be indulging into the parley about the sudden outbursts of the concept of green building in India, what they are and the present legislative regime with scope of changes and improvements in the legal infrastructure for development in future. The importance of the concept of green buildings, its global and domestic (Indian) standing, and especially the need for the shift from traditional buildings to these sustainable forms of buildings will be brought into light. This work will be divided in three major sections, the first one will be talking about the concept of Green Buildings and why there is now a need to replace traditional buildings with these green buildings, succeeded by the parley discussing this concept in the business of Real Estate in Indian Market, this section will cover in brief the history of the concept of green building, its need, the current market situation and governments approach to promote it. This will be succeeded by a brief discussion of the lacunae in these attempts to promote this concept and will finally end with author’s opinion and suggestion over the subject."

Key Words: Green Buildings, Sustainble Development, RERA, UNECE, LEED, GRIHA, IGBC, GBA, Real Estate Industry

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Title : Sustainable Construction in the Indian Context: A Review on Green Rating Systems

Author :D.M.Mudholkar, V.R.Dhawale

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, India has become a global construction centre. Construction industry of India is concerned with improving the social, economic and environmental indicators of sustainability. There is huge misunderstanding between the project members about the sustainable construction like lack of interest, cost inefficient, etc. Buildings are the prime energy consumers in modern cities accounting up to 40 to 45% energy consumption. The sectors consume a lot of energy throughout the life cycle of buildings thus becoming a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. The importance of sustainable construction discusses role of energy efficiency in green buildings in Indian context to reduce the energy consumption and environmental degradation through Green House Gas emission (GHG). Also, green rating system GRIHA (TERI) points out to be beneficial for sustainable construction as well as the incentives from govt. and municipal bodies for certified green building.

Key Words: Energy Efficiency, Green rating system, Indian Construction, Sustainable Construction

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Title : Identifying Deterrents to Greening Existing Buildings

Author :Devendra Pratap Singh, Ekta Singh

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:Green retrofitting of existing building stocks is inevitable as governments across the world are striving to formulate and implement relevant policy measures to achieve the sustainability goals. Green retrofitting or simply greening existing buildings is a very novel concept to reduce the impact of the existing building stock on the ecosystem through energy retrofits and technologies that in turn improve and enhance the overall energy efficiency of buildings, therefore reducing its carbon footprint. In this paper, various policies and processes of green retrofitting systems are investigated. The paper relies on qualitative techniques to capture the perception of different stakeholders to gain better understanding on the barriers and deterrents to greening existing building stocks. A framework of six indicators is derived based on the existing case studies to analyse the different components of Green retrofitting process. The subject of green retrofit and its practice is an under-researched area, mainly in Indian context. The paper attempts to bridge this gap, and the strength of the paper lies in the empirical nature of its investigation.

Key Words: Energy efficiency, Green retrofitting, Barriers, Office building, India

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Title : Evaluating the Environmental Impact Score of a Residential Building Using Life Cycle Assessment

Author :Manish Sakhlecha, Samir Bajpai, Rajesh Kumar Singh

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:Buildings consume major amount of energy as well as natural resources leading to negative environmental impacts like resource depletion and pollution. The current task for the construction sector is to develop an evaluation tool for rating of buildings based on their environmental impacts. There are various assessment tools and models developed by different agencies in different countries to evaluate building's effect on environment. Although these tools have been successfully used and implemented in the respective regions of their origin, the problems of application occur, especially during regional adaptation in other countries due to peculiarities associated with the specific geographic location, climatic conditions, construction methods and materials. India is a rapidly growing economy with exponential increase in housing sector. Impact assessment model for a residential building has been developed based on life cycle assessment (LCA) framework. The life cycle impact assessment score was obtained for a sample house considering fifteen combinations of materials paired with 100% thermal electricity and 70%-30% thermal-solar combination, applying normalization and weighting to the LCA results. The LCA score of portland slag cement with burnt clay red brick and 70%-30% thermal-solar combination (PSC+TS+RB) was found to have the best score and ordinary Portland cement with flyash brick and 100% thermal power (OPC+T+FAB) had the worst score, showing the scope for further improvement in LCA model to include positive scores for substitution of natural resources with industrial waste otherwise polluting the environment.

Key Words: Life cyce assessment, Environmental Impact score, Green building

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Title : Study of the Concept of Green Buildings, Practices from the Past and Its Applicability Today

Author :Pradnya Patki, Anjali Rasane, Sudhir Deshpande

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:The paper aims at understanding green building and its interpretation over the years. The objectives are to study green building, to find similarities and differences between different terminologies. The methods used are to summarize understanding from literature review and case examples; to study the similarities between old cultural practices related to climate and new concepts; to understand way of living in the past, needs and today’s fast pace changing lifestyle.

Key Words: Climate, Green, Interpretation, Lifestyle, Practices

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Title : Comparative and Spatial Analysis of the LeedIndia and Griha Rating Systems in Andheri Region

Author :Pratik Gajanan Katalkar, Hemanshu Ahire

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:New Construction is developing at a rapid pace and it puts a great effort on achieving sustainable development. It has led to the emergence of Green Building Rating System worldwide. Different types rating system of has provided unique guidelines for each and every category of buildings just like, Schools, Hotels, Core & Shell, etc. Green building rating (GBR) systems are developed to simply provide best standards and assist to fulfill green building practices. Each rating system addressed key sustainable parameters: energy, water, site, indoor environmental quality and materials in order to build sustainable environment. Mumbai is economic capital of India and as one of the other cities is in need for this system, especially with poor resources and inefficient use. Therefore, this research studied international green building assessment tools such as such as LEED and GRIHA. The common aspect of all the rating system is to create a sustainable architecture in all respect so as to minimize negative environmental impact upon the environment. And the comparison is done in this paper with the help of some case studies and for the saving the energy so as to enhancing capability in the use of materials, energy, and space.

Key Words: Construction, Green Building Rating System, Sustainable Development, energy efficiency

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Title : Green Building and Assessment Systems

Author :Pranab Kumar Nag

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:Globally, the buildings stock contribute to climate change impacts by consuming nearly 40, 25, and 40% of the energy, water, and resources, respectively, and are responsible for 1/3rd of the total greenhouse gas emissions. This chapter elaborates green building initiatives for sustainable development in construction, with apparent health, environmental, social, and economic benefits. The green building practices recognize the measures and approaches for (a) site and structure design efficiency, (b) efficient use of energy, water, and material resources, (c) reduction of environmental degradation, (d) enhanced IAQ, ventilation, thermal comfort, daylighting, and acoustical environment, and (e) optimization of operation and maintenance. The strategies and technologies that may be deployed in a green building project are structured explicitly in the chapter, covering specific application for sustainable site design, energy and environment, water quality and conservation, materials and resources, and indoor environmental quality. A variety of building assessment tools (e.g., BREEAM, LEED, HQE, DGNB, CASBEE, Green Star, Green Globes, SBTool, BOMA BESt, and other national schemes) are available today, which are collated herewith. The maturity of the assessment schemes manifests as acceptance and certification of building typologies; some of the green building rating schemes have a relatively more significant presence in building accreditation across the countries. The World GBC is an initiative to creating a single common assessment method for sustainability in construction, strengthening strategies for promoting green building in the local building policies and encouraging collaboration in the building sector.

Key Words: Green Buildings, Elements, WPC, BMCC, LCA, Green Index

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Title : Performance evaluation of a certified green-rated housing development in the warm humid climate of India

Author :Rajat gupta, Matt Gregg, Shashwata Joshi

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) claims that India has the second largest registered green building footprint in the world. However, there is no evidence-based approach to ascertain the actual energy performance and occupant satisfaction vis-a-vis the building design and indoor environment. This paper seeks to apply a customised post-occupancy building performance evaluation approach for Indian green buildings (I-BPE), to evaluate the actual performance of a certified green housing development in the warm humid climate of India, from both technical and occupants’ perspectives. Electricity consumption, environmental data, and occupant opinion of 29 flats are gathered and assessed over a period of one month in the monsoon season of 2018. Results show that flats with air-conditioning (AC) units tend to have slightly higher electricity use than those without; however, mean temperature and relative humidity measurements tend to be about the same and the level of perceived comfort is no different across the two groups. Building and occupant surveys revealed that storage facilities were insufficient, resulting in corridor space becoming a dumping ground, making it unsightly and unhygienic. The methodological approach developed in the study can be used for gathering empirical data on the actual energy and environmental performance of housing in India.

Key Words: Green-rated housing, IGBC, I-BPE

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Title : A socio-technical performance evaluation of green office buildings in the composite climate of India

Author :Rajat Gupta, Matt Gregg, Sajal Singla

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:India has one of the largest registered green building footprints in the world, yet there are limited studies investigating whether actual energy use and occupant satisfaction in such buildings is meeting expectations. This paper uses a socio-technical building performance evaluation (BPE) approach to assess the actual energy and environmental performance (during monsoon season) of two LEED platinum certified green office buildings located in the composite climate of India. The in-use energy and environmental performance of the buildings was examined using a technical building survey, energy data, environmental monitoring, along with occupant satisfaction surveys. Interestingly results showed that the two case study buildings used less energy annually than design predictions and performed better than comparative benchmarks. Building energy use had a high correlation with cooling degree days. However energy generation systems (rooftop photovoltaic systems) did not perform as intended. Indoor temperatures were found to be lower and CO2 levels higher in cellular offices, as compared to open plan offices. Occupant survey results revealed that users were satisfied with the overall design of the building, comfort levels and indoor air quality, but perceived indoor lighting to be more than required. Such empirical studies will help to build trust in the Indian building industry, which is currently shy of exposing itself to liability risk resulting from actual building performance.

Key Words: Building performance evaluation, low carbon building, monitoring, LEED, GRHIA

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Title : Do certified green office buildings in India perform as intended ?

Author :Rajat Gupta, Matt Gregg, Sajal Singla, Rupesh Panchal

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:This paper uses a socio-technical building performance evaluation (BPE) approach to assess the actual energy and environmental performance of three high-performance certified green office buildings located in the composite and hot & dry climates of India. The in-use energy and environmental performance of the buildings were examined using a technical building survey, energy consumption and generation data, environmental monitoring, along with occupant satisfaction surveys. Results showed that two case study buildings used less energy annually than design predictions, while one used about 5% more. All the case study buildings performed better than comparative benchmarks. However, energy generation systems (rooftop photovoltaics) did not perform as intended. Indoor temperatures were found to be lower in closed (cellular) offices as opposed to open offices. Occupant survey results revealed that though occupants were satisfied with the overall design of the building, comfort levels and indoor air quality, they perceived indoor lighting to be more than required. Recommendations are provided for fine-tuning the performance of the buildings and the process of BPE for the Indian context. Such empirical studies are expected to help build trust in the Indian building industry, which is currently shy of exposing itself to liability risk resulting from actual building performance.

Key Words: Building performance evaluation, office, LEED, IBGC

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Title : Review of green building movement and appraisal of rating systems in the Indian context

Author :Sunita Bansal, Srijit Biswas, S.K.Singh

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:India has two green building programmes: LEED-India and GRIHA, which are in their nascent stages and need to be appraised. This article presents an account of the background to the evolution of the Green Building movement, and compares LEED-India and GRIHA to proven rating tools applied in the United States (US-LEED) and the United Kingdom (BREEAM). It also examines how structural impacts are addressed in the rating tools and how structural engineers, who are one of the stakeholders of Integrated Design Team, can contribute towards assessments of sustainable construction initiatives. The probable criteria to be included in the green building rating systems (GBRS) for the sustainability of structure design are also discussed.

Key Words: BREEAM, Green building evolution, GRIHA, LEED-India, Sustainability, Sustianable structure design, US-LEED

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Title : Evaluating the UK-Building Performance Evaluation (UK-BPE) methodology for a residential green building in India

Author :Sahil Verma, Sanyogita Manu, Maaz Dixit

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:As a developing country, India is growing economically due to which it is experiencing an unprecedented construction boom and the residential sector is one of the biggest energy consumers. Recent studies suggest that there is an increase in the residential green building footprint in India, however there is a gap observed between the intended and actual performance in green buildings. To ensure that the design intent of such buildings is actually realized, a customized India-specific Building Performance Evaluation (BPE) methodology is required. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the existing UK-BPE methodology through one case study and check its applicability and relevance for residential green buildings in India. The study shows that methods listed in the UK-BPE are more inclined towards performance-oriented targets and need to be modified to evaluate the performance of green buildings that follow the prescriptive path. This study is being undertaken by a project called Learn-BPE, it is a UK / India research project which aims to undertake collaborative research and educational activities to develop the methodology to evaluate the actual performance of buildings from a technical and occupant perspective, also called building performance evaluation (BPE).

Key Words: Building performance evaluation (BPE), residential green building, India

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Title : "Performance Assessment of Green Rated Built Environment Using Post Occupancy Evaluation: New Perspectives"

Author :S.G.Sonar, R.V.Nalawade

Publication year: 2019

Abstract:Green Building Rating System is one of the important mechanisms developed in last few decades worldwide to achieve sustainability in Built Environment life cycle. The early generations of Green Rated Built Environment from India have occupied for several years now. Therefore, it has become inevitable to assess whether these Built Environment are living up to expectations in their objective terms. Post Occupancy Evaluation is a process of systematic monitoring of building's performance with predefined parameters and objectives after it is occupied for few years. Present research focuses on assessment of Green Rated Built Environment on the basis of Performance Parameters. Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) and Energy Efficiency are two Performance Parameters identified for present research. Seven Green Rated Institutional/office projects have been selected for Post Occupancy Evaluation. Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) has rated three projects and Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) has rated remaining four projects. All seven Green Rated Built Environments are located in warm and humid climatic zone of India. Questionnaire Survey, on site measurement of Indoor Environmental Quality parameters and Energy Consumption Records are selected as a tool to assess performance of Green Rated Built Environment. The outcome of Post Occupancy Evaluation implemented on identified Green Rated Built Environment establishes a fact that award of Green Rating to a Built Environment will only achieve its sustainability objective if performance of Green Rated Built Environment is periodically monitored and validated with respect to identified parameters and their local standard provisions.

Key Words: Green buildings, post occupancy evaluation, Indoor environmental quality

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Title : "Limitations of Green Building Rating Systems – A case of LEED and GRIHA"

Author :Samreen S. Makandar, Nadeem A. Sanadi

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:Green buildings work on the principle of “whatever it derives from the nature returns to it”. Green buildings are resource efficient and environmentally responsible structures. There are a set of standards which a building has to fulfil to be called as a green building. Various criterions are considered for evaluation of buildings and they are ranked accordingly. Various green building rating systems such as LEED, BREEAM, CASBEE, GB-Tool etc. are adopted across the world by different countries for rating and certifying green buildings. These ratings classify the buildings performance with respect to the green building techniques adopted. This paper considers few of such green building rating systems for the study. The study emphasise on two of the most widely used rating systems in India namely LEED and GRIHA. The rating patterns, rating criterions, award of marks etc. are studied in detail and compared. Few of the limitations of these rating systems are listed and a possible solution for the same is proposed at the end.

Key Words: LEED, GRIHA, CASBEE, BREEAM, GB-Tool, Green Buildings, Green Building Rating

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Title : "Green Buildings - A Step towards Environmental Protection"

Author :Akshey B, Swati B, Disha B

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:The green building can be named economical building which deals with ecological issues within or outside the building premises. These natural issues incorporate vitality effectiveness ventures to spare vitality, water protection and decrease in water utilization, indoor air quality, building air ventilation and light, diminishment of contaminations, better wellbeing, reduction in heat island and albedo impacts impacts. The urban communities confronting natural issues have begun receiving green building ideas as a stage towards environmental protection. The authors of the present paper have briefly dealt the significance of green buildings structures alongside the expected steps to be taken in creating green structures and the subsequent advantages there from.

Key Words: Green buildings, Sustainable buildings, Energy saving, Environment

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Title : "Development of a ‘Green building sustainability model’ for Green buildings in India"

Author :Meenakshi Sharma

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:Research on the status of green buildings, their drivers and barriers have received significant attention, however little has been done to develop an integrated strategy that will lead to the development of green buildings. The present study is a conscious effort in that direction. On the basis of exhaustive literature review a ‘Green Building Sustainability Model’ has been developed and structural equation modelling is employed to verify the research framework. The study clearly state that the intentions to maintain green performance levels and adopt green practices has to come from all levels of society. The conceptual model establishes hypothesized relationship amongst nine constructs: issues, challenges, government, corporate, developers, buyers, private bodies, strategic-mix and sustainable development and develop twelve hypotheses. The data is collected by means of questionnaire survey method. The empirical results reveal that collaborative efforts of government and other stakeholders (corporate, developers, buyers, and private bodies) play a significant role in developing a strategic-mix that would lead to sustainable development however government as a regulatory body plays the most important role in developing the strategic-mix that will lead to resource efficient future. The contributions of the paper lies in developing an original Green Building Sustainability Model’ and fill the research gap. Though model has been developed and empirically tested in India, it can be further tested on green buildings in other developing or developed countries. The model is generic and can be further tested for commercial and residential green building. The research results are of great relevance to the academicians, environmentalist, practitioners, policy makers and helpful to future research as reference.

Key Words: Green Building, Sustainable development, Strategic–mix, Sustainability, Green Building Sustainability Model

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Title : "Development of a ‘Green building sustainability model’ for Green buildings in India"

Author :Meenakshi Sharma

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:Research on the status of green buildings, their drivers and barriers have received significant attention, however little has been done to develop an integrated strategy that will lead to the development of green buildings. The present study is a conscious effort in that direction. On the basis of exhaustive literature review a ‘Green Building Sustainability Model’ has been developed and structural equation modelling is employed to verify the research framework. The study clearly state that the intentions to maintain green performance levels and adopt green practices has to come from all levels of society. The conceptual model establishes hypothesized relationship amongst nine constructs: issues, challenges, government, corporate, developers, buyers, private bodies, strategic-mix and sustainable development and develop twelve hypotheses. The data is collected by means of questionnaire survey method. The empirical results reveal that collaborative efforts of government and other stakeholders (corporate, developers, buyers, and private bodies) play a significant role in developing a strategic-mix that would lead to sustainable development however government as a regulatory body plays the most important role in developing the strategic-mix that will lead to resource efficient future. The contributions of the paper lies in developing an original Green Building Sustainability Model’ and fill the research gap. Though model has been developed and empirically tested in India, it can be further tested on green buildings in other developing or developed countries. The model is generic and can be further tested for commercial and residential green building. The research results are of great relevance to the academicians, environmentalist, practitioners, policy makers and helpful to future research as reference.

Key Words: Green Building, Sustainable development, Strategic–mix, Sustainability, Green Building Sustainability Model

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Title : "What does it cost to convert a non-rated building into a green building?"

Author :G.S. Vyas, K.N.Jha

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:The increasing demand for natural resource exploration and exploitation has generated greater attention on the impact on the environment of such actions. One solution to mitigate the negative impacts is to regulate it through government agencies and legal requirements thereby promoting sustainable construction. More recently, a variety of environmental and green building rating tools have been developed to assist construction of green buildings. It helps in making decisions that best fit the sustainable goals (i.e. social, economic, environment). This paper outlines potential benefits of Indian government green buildings. Findings of this paper show that the average increase in the initial cost of green buildings is 3.10% for those with three stars rating and 9.37% for those that are five stars rated buildings. It is worth investing in such acts to safeguard the environment.

Key Words: Green building, Initial cost, Payback period, Rating systems

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Title : "'Greening' the Buildings - An Analysis of Barriers to Adoption in India"

Author :P.S.Abraham, H Gundimela

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:"The building sector is one of the main contributors to climate change with its high energy footprint. However, the potential of this sector in reducing greenhouse gases at low cost to get fair returns offers a win-win scenario for planners and environmentalists. In addition, they do offer substantial advantages to customers like property appreciation, reduction in electricity and water consumption, reduction in waste generation, use of green and less energy-intensive materials in construction and preservation of greenery. Despite the environmental and economic advantages offered by the green buildings, the shift has been difficult due to multi-faceted barriers. The objective of this paper is to quantitatively identify, rank and prioritize the barriers to the adoption of green building using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The study identifies 20 specific barriers which are classified in four categories- (1) Policy and Market Barriers, (PMB) (2) Financial and Economic Barriers (FEB), (3) Information, Promotion and Education Barriers (IPE) and (4) Managerial and Organizational Barriers (MOB). Seven groups of stakeholders - builders, potential occupants, architects, engineers, project managers, contractors, and government representatives took part in the ranking and prioritization of barriers. Calculation of local and global weight reveals that IPE barriers are ranked high and PMB comes second whereas FEB and MOB lag much behind with lower global weights. Among the top seven specific barriers, lack of expertise in life-cycle cost, lack of information on benefits on green buildings, lack of labeling and lack of infrastructure and training are the barriers which belong to IPE barrier category. Weak enforcement of building codes, the absence of incentives and high capital costs also find space among top seven specific barriers with high weights. "

Key Words: Green building, stakeholder perception, Analytical Hierarchy Process, building sector, credence good

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Title : "'Greening offices: Willingness to pay for green-certified office spaces in Bengaluru, India"

Author :P.S.Abraham, H Gundimela

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:The rapidly growing construction sector in India has a large resource foot print but can ofer a vast potential to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Greening the building sector is feasible through various policy measures and incentives to deal with recycling and waste treatment, reduction in energy use, emissions and the use of other hazardous substances, which have several public and private benefts. The objective of this study is to understand whether or not and by how much would the consumers be willing to pay for green buildings if the information asymmetry is reduced by information provisions of benefts from green buildings. This paper uses a choice experiment to evaluate the frms’ willingness to pay for green-certifed ofce spaces in the Indian city of Bengaluru. The study relied on primary survey data drawn from around 115 frms working in rented ofce spaces in Bengaluru, who were asked to choose between status quo and diferent levels of green certifcation. The Tobit model was used for estimation, and the results show that frms value private benefts like reduction in electricity and water bills, water and waste recycling signifcantly. The willingness to pay of frms is negatively related to rent of the ofce space and positively related to annual turnover of the frm and prior knowledge on the green building certifcation.

Key Words: Green buildings, willingness to pay, Discrete choice experiment, Tobit, Green building certification

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Title : "'Customized performance evaluation approach for Indian green buildings"

Author :Rajat Gupta, Matt Gregg, Sanyogita Manu, Prasad Vaidya, Maaz Dixit

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:The green building movement in India is lacking an important link: ensuring that the design intent of such buildings is actually realized. This paper undertakes an exploratory investigation to develop and test a customized building performance evaluation (BPE) approach (I-BPE framework) for the Indian context. As academia is considered to be an initial primary outlet of BPE, a survey of experts is conducted to investigate the drivers and barriers for implementing BPE-based methods in educational curricula. The I-BPE approach is tested in a case study building to gain insights for refining the underlying methods and processes for conducting further BPE studies in the context of India. The expert survey reveals the lack of trained people for teaching BPE as a key challenge to its adoption, implying that trained people are needed as much as frameworks. To enable widespread adoption of I-BPE in India, what will be necessary is a new cadre of building performance evaluators who can be trained (or up-skilled) through formal or continuing education. This will need to be driven by both policy (energy code) and market transformation (‘green’ rating systems). A series of delivery routes are suggested to enable rapid and deeper learning.

Key Words: Building Performance evaluation (BPE), Education, Energy efficiency, Green buildings, Post-occupancy evaluation (POE), India

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Title : "'Assessment of Residential Building as Per LEED Rating System: A Review"

Author :Aishwarya Dhopate, Saurabh Joshi, Shrikant V. Kulkarni

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:Today, there is a high level of demand for sustainable buildings. The most important decisions regarding a building's sustainable features are made during the design and preconstruction stages. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) is the most widely adopted sustainable building rating system in the United States. For projects pursuing LEED certification, designers have to conduct in-depth sustainability analyses based on a building's form, materials, context, and mechanical–electrical–plumbing (MEP) systems. Since Building Information Modelling (BIM) allows for multi-disciplinary information to be superimposed within one model, it creates an opportunity to conduct these analyses accurately and efficiently as compared to the traditional methods. In this exploratory research, a case study was conducted on Salisbury University's Perdue School of Business building to demonstrate the use of BIM for sustainable design and the LEED certification process. First, a conceptual framework was developed to establish the relationship between BIM based sustainability analyses and the LEED certification process. Next, the framework was validated via this case study. The results of this study indicate that documentation supporting LEED credits may be directly or indirectly prepared using the results of BIM-based sustainability analyses software. This process could streamline the LEED certification process and save substantial time and resources which would otherwise be required using traditional methods

Key Words: LEED, Green Building, Building Information Modelling (BIM), Mechanical-Electrical-Plumbin (MEP) systems

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Title : "To Identify and Analyse Market Opportunities and Challenges for Green Building"

Author :Dingat A.Akhani, Jayeshkumar R.Pitroda

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:Sustainability has become a necessity in the building industry. In recent years, as the general public is more informed and aware of sustainability related issues, they are becoming major players in the decision making process regarding their built environment. However, there are still challenges with how sustainability is communicated to occupants and owners of buildings. As the global economic crisis is continuing, the marketing of green buildings needs to be refined to communicate the lifetime benefits of sustainability. One of the ways to develop effective marketing strategies, is to understand what the occupants value the most among many aspects of green buildings thus develop focused marketing solutions. Green building concept is an opportunity to use the resources efficiently while creating healthier buildings that improve human health, build a better environment, and provide cost savings.

Key Words: Green building, Sustainable development, Renewable resources

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Title : "Evaluation of energy-efficient design strategies: Comparison of the thermal performance of energy-efficient office buildings in composite climate, India"

Author :Farheen Bano, Vandana Sehgal

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:The aim of this paper is to examine the energy consumption of and determine energy-efficient design strategies for mid-rise and high-rise office buildings in composite climate. For this purpose, a comparative study is performed of six energy-efficient office buildings in composite climate in India. The selected energy-efficient office buildings are situated in the major cities (Delhi, Gurgaon, and Hyderabad) of India with a composite climate. This study investigates the effectiveness of different design strategies for reducing the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) and lighting loads of the six buildings. The effect of factors such as the building form, envelope configuration, placement of the service core, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), and percentage of airconditioned space on the HVAC load are analyzed. Similarly, the effect of the plan depth and WWR on the lighting load is also determined. Finally, the findings of the study are used to recommend effective design strategies for high-rise office buildings in composite climate. Moreover, the energy performance data are compared with the national energy consumption benchmarks for composite climate. The comparison indicates the design strategies performed well, that lead to a decrease in the energy consumption of high-rise office buildings in composite climate.

Key Words: Energy efficiency, office building, Energy consumption, Energy performance index, Composite climate

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Title : "Critical study on performance of building assessment tools with respect to Indian context"

Author :H.P.Thanu, C.Rajasekaran

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:Construction sector is one of the largest end users of environmental resources and is one of the largest polluters of manmade and natural environments around the globe. Economic development, climate change due to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, energy security and energy access are the primary concerns for India. Sustainable development in energy sector has become a concern for all the people in the world. Sustainability means it satisfies the needs of the people without jeopardizing the prospects of the future generation. To minimize these effects, the concept of Green Building has been introduced in the construction industry. To asses these buildings, there are various building assessment tools which have emerged globally. These assessment tools have been developed and used to assist the planning and design of sustainable buildings. The aim is to develop complete environmental consciousness among construction specialists towards sustainable performance and to achieve the objective of sustainability in the construction sector. In this study, the assessment approaches towards environmental, economic and social aspects are discussed. The comparative study and analysis on these building assessment tools i.e. LEED-India, GRIHA and IGBC have been made. It is found that there may be inconsistence in the assessment tools and criteria. However, lack of fully integrated assessment tools has resulted in the lack of a holistic assessment approach for the building life cycle.

Key Words: Building assessment tools, Performance, Comparative study, LEED-India, GRIHA, IGBC

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Title : "Critical study on performance of building assessment tools with respect to Indian context"

Author :H.P.Thanu, C.Rajasekaran

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:Construction sector is one of the largest end users of environmental resources and is one of the largest polluters of manmade and natural environments around the globe. Economic development, climate change due to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, energy security and energy access are the primary concerns for India. Sustainable development in energy sector has become a concern for all the people in the world. Sustainability means it satisfies the needs of the people without jeopardizing the prospects of the future generation. To minimize these effects, the concept of Green Building has been introduced in the construction industry. To asses these buildings, there are various building assessment tools which have emerged globally. These assessment tools have been developed and used to assist the planning and design of sustainable buildings. The aim is to develop complete environmental consciousness among construction specialists towards sustainable performance and to achieve the objective of sustainability in the construction sector. In this study, the assessment approaches towards environmental, economic and social aspects are discussed. The comparative study and analysis on these building assessment tools i.e. LEED-India, GRIHA and IGBC have been made. It is found that there may be inconsistence in the assessment tools and criteria. However, lack of fully integrated assessment tools has resulted in the lack of a holistic assessment approach for the building life cycle.

Key Words: Building assessment tools, Performance, Comparative study, LEED-India, GRIHA, IGBC

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Title : "Energy Transition in the indian Building Sector- Assessing Net Zero Energy Buildings' Niche Development"

Author :Mansi Jain

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:This doctoral study starts from exploring key theoretical frameworks which deem suitable to assess sustainability transitions, sustainable innovations and governance conditions needed for radical transformations and structural change towards large uptake of NZEBs in India's building sector. These theoretical frameworks include Strategic niche management, Sectoral innovation systems and Governance assessment tool. The doctoral study answers the main research question "What are the supportive and restrictive conditions for Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) niche development in the building sector in India? Consequently, this article-based research starts with analyses of the integration of these theoretical frameworks and develops a new integrated assessment framework called as "Sectoral System Innovation Assessment framework" (SSIAf). Three empirical case studies were selected to explore the applicability of the integrated framework to assess the niche development of NZEBs in India from innovation, transitions and governance perspective.

Key Words: Net zero energy building, India, Building sector, Energy transition

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Title : "Development of 'Green building sustainability model' for Green buildings in India"

Author :Meenakshi Sharma

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:Research on the status of green buildings, their drivers and barriers have received significant attention, however little has been done to develop an integrated strategy that will lead to the development of green buildings. The present study is a conscious effort in that direction. On the basis of exhaustive literature review a ‘Green Building Sustainability Model’ has been developed and structural equation modelling is employed to verify the research framework. The study clearly state that the intentions to maintain green performance levels and adopt green practices has to come from all levels of society. The conceptual model establishes hypothesized relationship amongst nine constructs: issues, challenges, government, corporate, developers, buyers, private bodies, strategic-mix and sustainable development and develop twelve hypotheses. The data is collected by means of questionnaire survey method. The empirical results reveal that collaborative efforts of government and other stakeholders (corporate, developers, buyers, and private bodies) play a significant role in developing a strategic-mix that would lead to sustainable development however government as a regulatory body plays the most important role in developing the strategic-mix that will lead to resource efficient future. The contributions of the paper lies in developing an original Green Building Sustainability Model’ and fill the research gap. Though model has been developed and empirically tested in India, it can be further tested on green buildings in other developing or developed countries. The model is generic and can be further tested for commercial and residential green building. The research results are of great relevance to the academicians, environmentalist, practitioners, policy makers and helpful to future research as reference.

Key Words: Green Building, Sustainable development, Strategic–mix, Sustainability, Green Building Sustainability Model

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Title : "Planning and integration of zero energy buildings with consumption analysis for metro cities in India"

Author :Mohammad Zeeshan, Majijd Jamil

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:Due to the ever-increasing scale of metro cities in India and increasing consumer energy demands, proper planning and design are needed to overcome this ever-growing menace. However suitable procedure, architectural design, material selection and integration of renewables into the existing infrastructure can aid in reducing this extra burden. We will study the demographics, available area and the capital cost for top four metro cities in India in context of the development and feasibility of integrating a renewable architecture to the existing building setup. The municipal corporation data, as well as site data, will be used to aide the research. The research will assimilate the site plan taking into account various categories of high rise buildings present in these areas. A comparative analysis will also be done to compare the cost of conversion of a conventional structure in these cities to a zero energy one. Public survey and opinionated research will be used to declare the constraints to the extent. It will be studied whether a renewable energy setup for these buildings is viable for prospects and anticipation of the general public. The results will be compared together for the four cities and possible reasons for the difference in establishment of setup will be discussed. In the end, an energy analysis will be done which will calculate the net yearly saving of such type of building compared to the existing setup and a possibility of a microgrid installation on a building.

Key Words: Zero energy building, Renewable, Material, Architecture, Energy, Analysis, Economic, Microgrid

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Title : "Comparsion analysis of green building materilas and convential materials"

Author :Mayank Mathur, Trimurti Pandey, Jitendra Singh, Bharat Phulwari

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:Due to the ever-increasing scale of metro cities in India and increasing consumer energy demands, proper planning and design are needed to overcome this ever-growing menace. However suitable procedure, architectural design, material selection and integration of renewables into the existing infrastructure can aid in reducing this extra burden. We will study the demographics, available area and the capital cost for top four metro cities in India in context of the development and feasibility of integrating a renewable architecture to the existing building setup. The municipal corporation data, as well as site data, will be used to aide the research. The research will assimilate the site plan taking into account various categories of high rise buildings present in these areas. A comparative analysis will also be done to compare the cost of conversion of a conventional structure in these cities to a zero energy one. Public survey and opinionated research will be used to declare the constraints to the extent. It will be studied whether a renewable energy setup for these buildings is viable for prospects and anticipation of the general public. The results will be compared together for the four cities and possible reasons for the difference in establishment of setup will be discussed. In the end, an energy analysis will be done which will calculate the net yearly saving of such type of building compared to the existing setup and a possibility of a microgrid installation on a building.

Key Words: Zero energy building, Renewable, Material, Architecture, Energy, Analysis, Economic, Microgrid

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Title : "Green Building Rating Systems from the Perspective of the Three Pillars of Sustainability Using Point Allocation Method"

Author :Nina Lazar, K.Chithra

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:The industrial revolution had a substantial environmental impact due to various developmental activities. The concept of sustainability along with three interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars of sustainability— environment, society and economy—has attained much popularity in the global context to reduce the above-said impact. World Green Building Council was formed in 2002 with Green Building Councils from different countries to promote focused sustainability practices in building and construction industry. As part of this, Green Building Councils across the globe had developed various Green Building Rating Systems. There were many researchers who have analysed the multiple aspects of Green Building Rating Systems but were limited to general level and category level, whereas the objective of this paper is to investigate the weighing factors for each pillar of sustainability by comparing and analysing different criterion of Green Building Rating Systems. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and respondents were asked to allocate points among the three pillars of sustainability against each criterion of Green Building Rating Systems. The results were tabulated and analysed to arrive at the weighing factors considered by different Green Building Rating Systems. The general framework of rating systems from the perspective of three pillars of sustainability is analysed and presented. The research outcome would be a useful reference while improving and developing the Green Building Rating Systems towards achieving sustainability.

Key Words: Green building rating systems, Three pillars of sustainability, Comparative analysis, Point allocation method

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Title : "Realization and Execution of Sustainablw Green Building Design in Chhattisgarh"

Author :Pranav Dubey, Prashant Chandrakar, Sumeet Kumar Kariyare, Gaurav Sonkar

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:Rapid increase in population and growth in Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP), has given rise to a vast demand for buildings in Chhattisgarh, with a subsequent pressure on convenience of resources. To be sustainable, the environmental pressures of inflated demand for resources coupled with a rapidly changing climate are need to be addressed. With an overall objective to optimize resource consumption, minimize greenhouse gas emissions, enhance renewable and recycle resources by the building sector. TERI has developed the national rating system GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) for green buildings, approved by Government of India in 2007. Apart from GRIHA, Confederation of Indian Industry formed IGBC (Indian Green Building Council) in the year 2001. IGBC (itself a LEED certified Green building) is the non-profit research institution, and has licensed the LEED Green Building Standard from the USGBC. This phenomenological study, explores awareness and realization of sustainable green building design in Chhattisgarh. Architects from various geographical regions were interviewed. All were familiar with sustainable green building design. However, none felt Dzwell-versed.dz They believed lack of client awareness and materials were the major problems encountered. Although, a vast majority of them willing to promote sustainable green building design. This study revealed an urgent need in Chhattisgarh for education and promotion of ecological responsibility at a micro level through green design and sustainable development at a macro level.

Key Words: Sustainable, TERI, GRIHA, Green Building, IGBC, LEED, BEE

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Title : "Green Building Rating System"

Author :Pragya Mishra, Sourabh Gour

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:Due to the recent emphasis on ‘Green buildings’ around the world, green building rating systems, a voluntary certification program, have emerged as one of the major recognized standards to qualify sustainability in building design and performance in India. The awareness towards sustainable development is increasing in the construction industry due to the popularity of these rating systems in our country. The rating tool become benchmark of construction industry for green measure and these buildings are helpful in reducing negative impact on the environment. The three most popular rating systems in India that are in use today. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), Indian Green building Council (IGBC) and Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA). The design of these rating systems without considering the wide array of climate, social and economics variations of India, resulting in a superfluous recognition of generic and readymade design solutions that disregard the actual aim of sustainability. The main purpose of this paper is to address critical issues or problems in these rating systems and suggestions toward a new version for these rating systems.

Key Words: Green building, GRIHA, IGBC, LEED

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Title : "Techniques and Approach in the Design of Green Building for LEED-EB"

Author :Prashant Kanade, Rahul Shinde

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:India will rank as the country with largest urban population in the world by 2021. Predicting this exponential growth it is necessary to conserve natural resources and save the mother earth. The way the world has used global natural resources in the past has placed a tremendous strain on the environment–depleting our natural resources, polluting the environment, warming the earth, raising sea levels, and endangering our biodiversity. Climate change has become the inevitable result of our past actions. This paper represents basic strategic techniques and approach in the design and thesis is representing the project strategic planning and its implementation of the techniques and approach in the design how to convert existing non-green building to green building by doing suitable changes to get LEED certification. Besides this, the focus of this paper will also be on the Important principles, Techniques and approach which are associated with the seven major elements of green building design categories for the LEED O+M: Existing Buildings | v4 check list which are: Sustainable Site Design; Water Conservation and Quality; Energy and Environment; Indoor Environmental Quality; Conservation of Materials and Resources; Innovation and design process and LEED Accredited Professional; Regional priority (RP). To create a green building design that can not only minimize the impact on the environment, but also remain practical, economical and comfortable for use, it is important to look into integrated green building techniques and approach in the design, in which the design team works hand-in-hand throughout the entire process, as well as consider each aspect of a building in an integrative and holistic manner. With this paper, we hope that the understanding of implementation of basic techniques and approach in the design how to convert the existing non-green building to a green building by making the suitable changes in the system process and the usability of the resources to new stakeholders, building owners, architects, engineering consultants, and all the parties in a building project

Key Words: Green Building, LEED-EB

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Title : "Urban Sustainability in India: Green Buildings, AMRUT Yojana, and Smart Cities"

Author :Russell M.Smith, Prasad Pathak

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:The problems of urban growth and development are especially acute in India. Large numbers of urban dwellers, high rates of migration, and limited public infrastructure all place enormous burdens upon India’s cities. As a result, India has been exploring options on how to improve the sustainability of its urban centers. These efforts have included the development of programs focused on creating a more sustainable pattern of development through green building rating systems (i.e., LEED-India and GRIHA). More recently, the Government of India has announced the Smart Cities Mission to develop smart cities and the AMRUT Yojana program focused on urban renewal efforts across India. These national programs and numerous local efforts seek to create more efficient urban forms through better planning, design, and engineering. These programs also hope to use India’s limited resources more efficiently and improve residents’ overall quality of life in a sustainable manner. The chapter explores urban sustainability in India. It discusses past and current national and local sustainable urban development projects, examines specific examples of a variety of urban sustainability programs, and provides an outlook for the future.

Key Words: AMRUT yojana, Green building, India, Smart Cities mission, Urban sustainability

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Title : "Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Normal Building and Green Building"

Author :Sumant Negi, Ashok Kumar Gupta

Publication year: 2018

Abstract:Life cycle cost analysis of any building is defined as the total costs involved in entire life span of a building. In this project we compare the life cycle cost analysis of normal residential building with life cycle cost analysis of green building. Life cycle cost involves acquisition cost, construction cost, operational and maintenance cost, demolition and disposal cost and salvage value of building after the service life of 30 years. In this project we have done life cycle cost analysis of SJVNL office Shanahan Shimla H.P. which is green certified building which gets 70-80 points as per GRIHA rating of green building. This green building is rated as three star green building as per GRIHA rating. After analyzing this we made a model of normal residential building having same area as green building. Then life cycle cost analysis of normal building has been calculated. In this project we used REVIT software for the estimation of constructional cost of a building. Then we compared all costs analyzed from the life cycle cost analysis of both the buildings, from this we found that the initial cost of green building is more than the cost of normal building and initial costs involves acquisition cost and development cost. This is because of green techniques used at the time of construction. But operational and maintenance cost of green building is less than the cost of normal residential building this is because of techniques used in the green building are energy efficient that saves annual bill of electricity, water charges and repair charges of building. Major and minor repairs of green building are also less as compared to the repair cost of normal residential building. Salvage value of the green building is large as compared to the normal building after its service life of 30 years. This is because the material and techniques used in green building have large resale value. So, the actual life cycle cost of both the buildings can be determined by subtracting total salvage value of building from the total cost (acquisition cost, construction cost, operational and maintenance cost and demolition and disposal cost) of building.

Key Words: LCCA, GRIHA, LEED, Green Building, Normal Building

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Title : "Green Buildings: Eco-friendly Techniuqe for Modern Cities"

Author :Ashima Srvastava, Pratibha Singh, N.N.Janhavi, Avinash Singh

Publication year: 2017

Abstract:Buildings are a major energy consuming sector in the economy. About 35–40% of total energy is used by buildings during construction. The major consumption of Energy in buildings is during construction and later in lighting or air conditioning systems. This consumption must be minimized. Buildings affect land use, energy use, communities and the indoor and outdoor environment. In today’s scenario, one of the tools in creating Smart city is Green Building or Sustainable building. Green building is the practice of designing, constructing, operating, maintaining, renovating and demolishing buildings in ways that conserve natural resources, reduce pollution and are environmentally responsible. Green building concept is expanding around the world. Use of sustainable principles in buildings can reduce these impacts and also improve working conditions and productivity, increase energy, water, and material efficiency and reduce costs and risks. Sustainable buildings can be showcases to educate people about environmental issues, possible solutions, partnerships, creativity and opportunities for reducing environmental impacts in our everyday lives. Successful green buildings leave lighter footprints on the environment through conservation of resources. In other words, green building design involves finding the delicate balance between homebuilding and a sustainable environment. In the developing countries like India, poverty alleviation can be effectively achieved by conservation of energy and creation of employment opportunities.

Key Words: Building design, Environmental impacts, Carbon footprints, Green building, Vegitecture, Energy efficiency

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Title : "Improving building energy efficiency in India: State-level analysis of building energy efficiency policies"

Author :Sha Yu, Qing Tan, Meredydd Evans, Page Kyle, Linh Vu, Pralit L.Patel

Publication year: 2017

Abstract:India is expected to add 40 billion m2 of new buildings till 2050. Buildings are responsible for one third of India's total energy consumption today and building energy use is expected to continue growing driven by rapid income and population growth. The implementation of the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) is one of the measures to improve building energy efficiency. Using the Global Change Assessment Model, this study assesses growth in the buildings sector and impacts of building energy policies in Gujarat, which would help the state adopt ECBC and expand building energy efficiency programs. Without building energy policies, building energy use in Gujarat would grow by 15 times in commercial buildings and 4 times in urban residential buildings between 2010 and 2050. ECBC improves energy efficiency in commercial buildings and could reduce building electricity use in Gujarat by 20% in 2050, compared to the no policy scenario. Having energy codes for both commercial and residential buildings could result in additional 10% savings in electricity use. To achieve these intended savings, it is critical to build capacity and institution for robust code implementation.

Key Words: Building energy efficiency, Intergrated assessment modeling, Energy Comservation Building Code, impact assessment

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Title : "Deploying Low-carbon Technologies in Developing Countries: A view from India's buildings sector"

Author :Radhika Khosla, Ambuj Sagar, Ajay Mathur

Publication year: 2017

Abstract:The climate change arena comprises a diverse set of interacting actors from international, national and local levels. The multilevel architecture has implications for low-carbon technology deployment in developing countries, an issue salient to both development and climate objectives. The paper examines this theme through two inter-related questions: how do (or don’t) low-carbon technologies get deployed in India’s built environment, and what implications can be drawn from the Indian case for effective low-carbon technology development and transfer for developing countries? By examining the multilevel linkages in India’s buildings sector, the paper shows how the interactions between governance levels can both support and hinder technology deployment, ultimately leading to inadequate outcomes. The potential of these linkages is hobbled by aspects of the national context (federated energy governance and developing-country capacity limitations), yet can also be enabled by other features (the climate policy context, which may motivate international actors to fill domestic capacity lacunae). Reflecting on the India case, the paper makes recommendations for improved low-carbon technology deployment in developing countries: (1) technology development and transfer collaboration on a ‘need-driven’ approach, (2) development of the specific types of capacity required across the entire innovation chain and (3) domestic strengthening of the coordination and agendas across and between governance levels.

Key Words: Energy efficiency, Climate change, Technology transfer, Multillevel governance, India, Buildings, Developing countries

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Title : "Studies on the Influence of Green Building Concepts in Public and Residential Buildings Located in a Warm and Humid Climatic Zone"

Author :D.Sandanasamy

Publication year: 2017

Abstract:"India, the world's second most populous nation, faces escalating energy demands for its populace's comfort. Buildings, contributing significantly to energy consumption and CO2 emissions, rely heavily on exhaustible resources like coal (53%) and oil (31%). In response to global environmental concerns post-oil crises, harnessing natural energy stands pivotal. Historically, India constructed buildings using natural materials, aligning with wind and daylight for comfort. Despite an energy deficit, India emphasizes energy conservation. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency formulated the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) to foster energy-efficient building practices, albeit in their infancy. Studies on thermal comfort in India's warm, humid climates are sparse, especially concerning buildings' energy efficiency. Evaluating thermal, ventilation, daylight performances, and retrofitting French colonial-era buildings, dated back to 1820, emerges as a unique endeavor. Analyzing window influence on thermal comfort and integrating meteorological data from the Indian Meteorological Department form the core of these investigations. The findings reveal critical correlations between outdoor and indoor temperatures, proposing adaptations for thermal comfort in Puducherry. Assessing multiple building types and introducing retrofit measures showcase substantial energy savings and improved environmental parameters. Window analyses suggest optimal solutions for thermal performance in warm, humid climates, contributing significantly to energy conservation efforts. Through meticulous analyses and simulations, this comprehensive research aims to revolutionize building design, striving for sustainable energy practices tailored to India's climatic conditions. These findings can inform policies and practices, catalyzing a paradigm shift towards energy-efficient and eco-friendly construction in India."

Key Words: Energy efficiency, thermal comfort, predicted mean vote, expectancy factor, tropical summer index, adaptive model

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Title : "Water Efficient technologies for Green buildings"

Author :K.N.Sheth

Publication year: 2017

Abstract:"Conservation of water is the basic principles of green building. The efforts should be made to ensure that the material and system that are used help in reduction of water consumption in buildings and landscaping the areas. The principle of sustainable water management is achievable by using alternate sources of water that can be supplied to meet the water demand where the quality of water need not be potable. In the residential zones potable water can be supplied and in large commercial zones partly potable and a large portion of non- potable water can be supplied and this is a wise step and should be considered in urban areas of India. All the fixtures such as taps, toilets, shower heads, urinals etc, should be water efficient. Green buildings are sustainable buildings demanding the water conservation as well as preventing pollution and use reuse of grey water and recycle treated water ensuring potable water use for potable purpose only."

Key Words: Green buildings, Water efficiency, Technology

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Title : "Development of a Framework for Indian Green Building Rating System"

Author :G.S.Vyas

Publication year: 2017

Abstract:"The construction industry is responsible for some of the most severe forms of local and global pollution, whose effects include climate change. So, it faces pressure to mitigate such negative impacts through increasing the sustainability of building practices, as reflected in the development of green building (GB) rating systems. Existing rating methods can be applied to different regions by addressing additional aspects such as varied climatic conditions and regional variations. This study proposes a rating system for the Indian context. To achieve this aim and promote GB construction, the study set five objectives: (1) to identify and evaluate various attributes for measuring the greenness of a building, (2) to develop a GB rating framework consisting of components, attributes and parameters to evaluate the green building index (GBI) and thereby rate a building for its greenness, (3) to identify the cost of a GB, (4) to benchmark GB attributes, and (5) to evaluate GB attributes by the environmental, social, and economic pillars of sustainability. For the sake of convenience, these objectives are achieved in five phases based on various research methods, including principal component analysis (PCA), analytical hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy measures, fuzzy integrals, data envelopment analysis (DEA), and entropy........... "

Key Words: Green Building, Rating System, Sustainable development, Principal Component Analysis, Analytical Hierarchy Process, Fuzzy Integral, Data Envelopment Analysis, Initial Cost, Payback Period

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Title : "Green building: Energy efficient and environment friendly building"

Author :Komal K., Garima Yadav, Manju Mehta, Kiran Singh

Publication year: 2017

Abstract:"India is second largest populated country and facing many problems related to energy and environment. Green building is one of the solutions which can be helpful in decreasing the energy demand and improving the environmental quality. Green buildings are designed to decrease the adverse effects of the built environment on human being and natural environment by using optimum energy, conserving natural resources and using the recycled water by providing healthier environment for human beings. The basic aim of the green buildings is to reduce the overall impact on the human being and environment. This paper focuses on the importance of green buildings in improving the environmental quality."

Key Words: Energy, Environment, Green building, Human health, Natural resource

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Title : "To Develop Green Building Assestment Tool for Existing Building Located in Kolhapur Region"

Author :Kashmira Malwade, B.V.Birajdar

Publication year: 2017

Abstract:"The purpose of this research is to contribute to a better understanding of the concept of green building assessment tool and its role for achieving sustainable development through developing an effective green building rating system for non- residential in terms of the dimensions through which sustainable development tools are being produced according to the local context . Developing such system is becoming necessary in the Developing World because of the considerable environmental, social and economical problems. India as one of these countries is in need for this system, Therefore, this research studied international green building assessment tools such as such as LEED, BREEAM, and Indian assessment tool IGBC, As all above tools could not be applied totally to any regions because of many reasons . In western maharashtra region considering Kolhapur region as a local context a brief study has been carried out & an attempt is made to develop new green building assessment tool which considers all local perspectives."

Key Words: Green Building, BREEAM-In use,LEEDv4,IGBC

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Title : "Thermal insulation system for energy efficient green buildings in tropical countries"

Author :Krishna Kumar Mitra

Publication year: 2017

Abstract:"THERMAL INSULATION SYSTEM FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT GREEN BUILDINGS Building construction has gone through tremendous changes during the last decade. With the improvement in quality of life, earnings, living style, the building construction methodology and construction materials have been modified to suit the life style of people. The art of living has changed and human comfort is given a lot of importance. With the increase in electronic gadgets in the houses along with air conditioning system, energy consumption becomes enormous. It is in this context of energy consumption and human comfort, the function of Insulation in buildings has become an important construction element. Thermal insulation is directly linked to human comfort and reducing energy consumption. Insulation system is a composite of materials and endeavours provisions of how it is applied with various holding systems to provide a building envelope. Thermal insulation is a combination of insulation and ancillary materials which creates a barrier to the flow of heat and cold from the environment to the inside of buildings. The insulation after application on roof and wall needs to be properly coveted with a permanent finishing arrangement. Insulation is applied both from inside the building as well as on the external side of the building. When insulation system is applied on external side the effect is much more because insulation then covers the basic construction elements of roof and wall. This way the Reinforced Cement Concrete roof and Brick wall is never exposed to direct environment heat rays or cold wave. Whereas in the case of application from inside it has to be properly protected by solid barriers because the roof and wall will be in direct contact with human being."

Key Words: Insulation, Energy efficiency, Green buildings, Tropical countires

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Title : "A Governance Perspective on Net Zero Energy Building Niche Development in India: The Case of New Delhi"

Author :Mansi Jain, Thomas Hoppe, Hans Bressers

Publication year: 2017

Abstract:"The net zero-energy building (NZEB) concept has recently gained prominence worldwide. Large scale adoption and implementation of NZEBs would potentially contribute greatly to greening of the building sector. However, it is still at a nascent stage of niche formation. This paper aims to assess the governance context for adoption and uptake of NZEBs through niche formation in India by addressing the research question: What is the state of governance in New Delhi regarding NZEB niche development? A case study research design is used to answer this question. The Governance Assessment Tool (GAT) and Strategic Niche Management (SNM) are used to analyze the New Delhi case. Data collection involved in-depth interviews with fourteen key stakeholders. Data were analyzed using the qualitative data analysis software (ATLAS.ti). The results reveal that the governance context is only marginally supportive towards NZEB niche formation due to qualities of moderate extent, flexibility and intensity. Actor network formation was identified as an important driver which influences other elements of governance, as well as factors stimulating strategic niche management.

Key Words: Net zero buildings, Energy transition, Governance, Niche formation, Strategic niche management

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Title : "A study on need of holistic methodology for assessment of sustainability and greenness of buildings in India"

Author :Manish Sakhlecha, Samir Bajpai

Publication year: 2017

Abstract:"Today world is facing major environmental challenges i.e. global warming. Ozone layer depletion, climate change, waste accumulation, resource depletion etc. Buildings are largely contributing towards environmental burdens either directly or indirectly in its life cycle. Over 50% of material resources taken from nature are building related. Over 50% of national waste production comes from the building sector. Construction sector in India emits about 22% of the total annual emission of CO2 resulting from the Indian economy. Out of the emissions from the construction sector, 80% are resulting mainly from the products/industrial processes of energy intensive building materials. Buildings also consume large quantities of energy in their operation. Energy use in buildings has grown in the last 20 years due to sheer increases in number of households and offices has increased service demand like more air conditioning, more computers, more appliances etc is significantly contributing towards increasing energy demand. Hence in view of the emerging environmental concerns in the building sector, buildings cannot be treated as a low impact sector and it becomes extremely important matter to develop a holistic environmental impact assessment methodology for assessment of sustainability and greenness of buildings in India. This paper reviews the different methodologies as well as current practices for evaluating greenness and sustainability in Indian building sector and provides an insight on various tools developed across the world for evaluating environmental impact of buildings.

Key Words: Buildings , Life cycle , Environmental burden , Assessment tool

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Title : "Need for Sustainability and Green Practices in Large Developments"

Author :Palaash Roy, Chandni Chowdhary, Manish Sharma, Bibhu Kalyan Nayak

Publication year: 2017

Abstract:"Large Scale Developments have been an integral part of development of Indian Civilizations. However, growth of these ‘Large-scale Developments’ have begun to take toll on the natural resources and ecology which have existed without any foreign disturbances. With mankind’s development ‘spree’, it has nearly become impossible to not damage a portion of land without counteracting sufficient resources in return. Thus, a need has arisen for making these developments self-sustainable and ecologically sound. This paper discusses the need of ‘Sustainability’ and ‘Green Construction’ in individual buildings and large developments; how these terms are different from each other; how they affect a development; what are the Green Rating Systems which are used in India for curtailing the same; what are their weightages and how they can positively affect the damage that the construction malpractices in the country have put up.

Key Words: Sustinability, Large Scale Developments, Green Construction

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Title : "Green buildings: Status of construction in India"

Author :Rachna Dhingra, Puja Gupta

Publication year: 2017

Abstract:"India is one of the second fastest growing economies in the world. Construction industry is the second largest employer and contributor to economic activity after agriculture. Between 2000 and 2013, an average of 11 per cent of India’s GDP was based on construction activity. The Indian construction industry is growing at a very rapid pace. But this construction industry is one of the least sustainable industries in the world as it uses massively non-renewable resources. Construction also has a major impact on the environment in its consumption of energy, it generates over 40 million tons of carbon dioxide which contributes to global warming from the greenhouse effect. To resolve these issues one needs to go in for “sustainable construction” or “green buildings”. A green building, which is also known as a sustainable building is designed to meet some objectives such as occupant health; using energy, water, and other resources more efficiently; and reducing the overall impact to the environment. It is an opportunity to use the resources efficiently while creating healthier buildings that improve human health, build a better environment, and provide cost savings. All the development projects lead to overconsumption of natural resources. Over the past few years, LEED and green building have dramatically increased in India. India ranks third among the Top Ten Countries for LEED, and in 2016, nearly 650 projects in India earned LEED certification. Emerging economies such as India are engines of green growth, with development varying from two- to six fold over current green building levels. In order to improve living standards of all and reduce the impact on our planet one solution is to go for green buildings in the country. The choices that we make now will shape our opportunities in future and those of future generations. Hence, this research paper is considered as an attempt to check the status of green buildings growth in India. Further, it will help in creating awareness amongst the masses about the concepts of green buildings and motivate people to adopt these concepts. This will lead in development of a sustainable world.

Key Words: Construction industry, Green building, Sustainable development, Environment, Green building rating system

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Title : "A Review on Green Building Based Smart City for the Next Millennium"

Author :Robin Gandhi, Jayeshkumar Pitroda, Bhasker Bhatt

Publication year: 2017

Abstract:It is Most common in human being that lives in cities or mega cities for various of reason. since 2030, the population of the cities around the world is increased with passing of time. Also it is predictable to grow from 3.3 billion to 5 billion people. Urbanization and movement of people there is need of better serve city to the world. For that, different countries develop a big city with the industry but these also create a problem to the human. So there is need of improvement of smart city with the smart solution. So need of think about the new thought about the green building based smart city for the better human life and less effect the environment. In India, government declared to develop a number of smart city but all are based on lean construction due to lake of alertness of people toward the green construction. We have to focus on green building based smart city.

Key Words: Smart Cities, Green Building, smart infrastructure, sustainable building

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Title : "Holistic assessment of existing buildings: Indian context"

Author :Sunita Bansal, Srijit Biswas, S.K.Singh

Publication year: 2017

Abstract:A big challenge in sustainable projects is selection of appropriate construction method and is considered to be the decisive factor for its success. Many environment friendly prefabricated elements are entering into the market at an increasing pace. This has increased the workload and inquisitiveness of the stakeholders who will need information about their environmental, technical and esthetic aspects. The use of prefabrication in sustainable construction is advantageous but appropriate decision criteria and their weightage for applicability assessments for a project from every stakeholder’s perspective is found to be deficient. Decisions to use prefabricated elements are still largely based on anecdotal evidence or cost-based evaluation rather than holistic sustainable performance. But authenticated information is seldom available and suitability within the project requirements is always debatable. Environmental decisions, being closely coupled with society’s built-in uncertainties and risks, are uncertain since ecological systems as well as social systems change in the future. Thus the selection of a suitable construction method has been perceived as a multi-criteria decision-making problem highly intensive in knowledge with partial information and uncertainty. This knowledge or perception base from the minds of experts has to be collected and processed for a decision. Fuzzy synthetic evaluation method using analytic hierarchy process by Saaty has been adopted to provide an analytical tool to evaluate the applicability of prefabricated or on-site construction method.

Key Words: Casr-in-situ construction, Precast construction environment, Mathematical modeling, Sustainability

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Title : "Assessment of GRIHA and LEED on the Parameters of Sustainable Design and Development of Buildings"

Author :Shiva Ji, Sharmistha Banerjee, Ravi Mokashi Punekar

Publication year: 2017

Abstract:To practice design for sustainability in the domain of Building Design, Construction and Usage, we require Sustainability Assessment (SA) Methods, Tools and Techniques; which suggest pre-design as well as post completion checks to assess impact in terms of material and energy consumption, environment, society and economics. GRIHA and LEED are the leading SA methods currently in use in India. Since they originate from different countries with different contexts, level of technology and type of usage, they possess some degree of distinction over the other. A need was felt to gather these methods and discuss so that clarity can be drawn upon the scope defined by them to address sustainability. The objective of this paper is to analysis the chosen SA methods and evaluate their scope in terms of sustainability using the three pillars of sustainable development: Social, Economic, Environmental. A literature review based evaluation of methods was conducted. From the analysis, it is evident that both the tools are targeting towards Sustainable Buildings but the criteria list of GRIHA still lay more emphasis on the Environmental and Economic pillar and less on the Social pillar. LEED has good emphasis across all the three pillars. The paper ends with suggestions on a list of social, cultural and socio-economic criteria which can be added to GRIHA for further strengthening it on the Social pillar.

Key Words: Design for sustainability, Building sustainability assessment methods, GRIHA, LEED

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Title : "Green Building a Sustainable Approach to Save Energy"

Author :Shristee Mishra, Sneha Singh, Ruchira Srivastava

Publication year: 2017

Abstract:One of the greatest recognized threat of the 21st century is the Climate change, caused by the release of greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide) into the atmosphere. Portions of the energy consumption in India anguished China has also been on the raise due to sharp urbanization, population explosion, and immense growth of IT and related business. Buildings are the dominant and enhanced energy consumers in modern cities account up to 45% energy consumption. Their consumption can be splendidly cut back through improving efficiency, which is an effective means to lessen greenhouse gas emissions and slow down depletion of non-renewable energy resources. There is over 55% saving potential in the building sector and thus it is considered as a potential sector to meet the challenges of global energy and climate change. Along with introduction of energy efficiency measures, more effective means are needed to induce or compel greater efforts, especially to the signatories to the Kyoto Protocol. This review paper discusses the role of energy efficiency in green buildings in Indian scenario to reduce the energy consumption and environmental degradation through Green House Gas emission (GHG). The possibility and benefits of harmonizing governmental and private-sector schemes are also discussed.

Key Words: Climate change, Green House Gas, Green Buildings, energy efficiency, Energy policies

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Title : "Practicing Green Building Techniques in Reducing Greenhouse Gases: An Over View"

Author :Sumaterja Reddy Vanakuru, Viswanadha Kumar Giduthuri

Publication year: 2017

Abstract:The large amount of greenhouse gasses is emitted during the process of manufacturing, transporting of a building material, constructing and erection of buildings that have a very huge impact on the environment and wellbeing. Practicing Green building techniques will reduce and eliminate the impacts on the environment and human health. Sustainable green architecture philosophy and design will maintain harmony with the nature and conserve nature resources in and around the site. There are several methods in designing of sustainable buildings that including 'green' building materials from local sources, reducing HVAC loads, optimizing systems, and generate on-site water and energy harvesting. This paper overviews reduction of possible GHG produced during process of building construction.

Key Words: Green Building, Greenhouse gases, Environment and human health

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Title : "Comparative Review of Indian Green Building Rating Systems"

Author :Virendra Kanaujia, Arukala Suchith Reddy, G. Kalyan Kumar

Publication year: 2017

Abstract:Indian construction industry is witnessing highest growth rate from last 10-15 years, which is having a negative impact on the environment and natural resources available for construction. Following this problem of carbon imprint, concept of sustainable development in construction industry is the need of an hour. With increase in demand of sustainable buildings or Green buildings, demand of Green rating and assessment tools is also increasing. Rating tools set benchmark for green building measurement, which are helpful in reducing negative impact on environment by promoting quality green buildings. India has two main building environment assessment tools i.e. Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) and Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA). The former is benchmarked with global standards while later is indigenously developed. This paper aims to focus on comparative study of IGBC (LEED India) and GRIHA rating system and compare both with regards to their certification-cost, influence and popularity, performance criteria and benchmarks (rating score). Through this study, an attempt is made to make clear understanding of IGBC and GRIHA rating system assessment criteria that need to be considered before certification.

Key Words: Green buildings, LEED, GRIHA, Rating systems, Comparison

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Title : "Benchmarking green building attributes to achieve cost effectiveness using a data envelopment analysis"

Author :G.S.Vyas, K.N.Jha

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:Green building construction has been considered to be an essential practice for achieving sustainability. To achieve sustainable development, greater attention has been paid to environmental, social and economic impacts associated with the construction and operation of buildings. Hence, the importance of a more integrated approach to green building design with cost effectiveness has gained momentum. The present study focuses on developing appropriate constructs to benchmark green building attributes in construction such that, with limited funds, the sustainable performance of the building is improved. In this study, Indian green building assessment tools, such as Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA), Indian Green Building Council (IGBC), eco-housing, and a newly developed rating system, are reviewed. A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been employed to benchmark the green building attributes. Buildings in different climatic conditions, such as hot and dry, warm and humid, and composite climates, were chosen for benchmarking purposes. Efficiency was calculated using a constant return to scale with an input-oriented Charnes-Cooper-Rhodes (CCR) formulation method. The following attributes were observed: 1) utilization of the Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) recommended waste materials in the building, 2) increase in environmental awareness, 3) dedicated facilities for service staff, 4) design for universal accessibility, 5) low-impact design 6) construction management practices and 7) use of low-volatile organic compounds (VOC) paints that contribute to more green points at a lower cost.

Key Words: Green building, Sustainable buildings, Rating systems, Data envelopment analysis

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Title : "Identification of green building attributes for the development of an assessment tool: a case study in India"

Author :G.S.Vyas, K.N.Jha

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:Green building rating systems have been developed to measure the level of sustainability of buildings. Existing methods can be applied to different regions by addressing additional aspects such as varied climatic conditions and regional variations. This paper investigated the most widely used environmental building assessment methods, namely BREEAM, LEED, SB-Tool, CASBEE, LEED-India, GRIHA and Eco-housing. Comparative studies revealed that the existing assessment schemes had some limitations when applied to an Indian built environment. This necessitates the development of a new building environmental assessment scheme. An attempt is made to develop a framework to evaluate sustainability of buildings in India by applying principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA of 82 valid responses on the attributes measuring sustainability of buildings has extracted nine components: (1) site selection, (2) environment, (3) building resources and re-use, (4) building services and management, (5) innovative construction techniques, (6) environmental health and safety, (7) mechanical systems, (8) indoor air quality, (9) economy. Further, a framework suggested in this study can be applied for countries having similar climatic conditions. Findings of this paper can be helpful to designers and developers to achieve green development in developing countries.

Key Words: Environmental Sustainability Guidelines for Green Buildings in india: A Review

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Title : "Identification of green building attributes for the development of an assessment tool: a case study in India"

Author :Satya, Sonu Singh, R.B. Lal, U. Sridharan, V.P.Upadhyay

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:Real estate sector has significant impact on the environment and resources. It is reported that the buildings use almost 40 % energy, 30 % raw materials, 20 % water & 20 % land of the cities. Additionally, these also account for 40% of carbon emissions, 30% of solid waste generation and 20% of effluents discharged in cities. Commercial and residential sectors continue to be major market for construction industry which consume a lot of energy throughout the life cycle of buildings and, thus, are major contributors to the Green House Gases (GHGs). Buildings which are energy and water efficient having concept of “Reduce”, “Reuse” and “Recycle” will be sustainable and effective in improving the country‟s GDP. The concept of green building is a stepping stone for countries to encourage sustainable Resource use. The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) and The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) have developed rating criteria and guidelines for evaluating buildings in India. The present paper discusses the key challenges for the development of green building in India and steps needed to make people, communities and general public aware about the advantages of green buildings for sustainable environmental development and management. Data collected from various secondary sources have been used to evaluate the existing scenario and provide suggestions for developing an ecologically sustainable construction sector and urban ecosystem.

Key Words: Green-Buildings, Green House Gases, Sustainable-Environment, IGBC, India

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Title : "Bamboo reinforced prefabricated wall panels for low cost housing"

Author :Vishal Puri, Pradipta Chakrabortty, Sourav Anand, Swapan Majumdar

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:With the increasing population there is a tremendous exploitation of natural resources to produce conventional building materials such as bricks, cement and reinforcing bars. This exponentially increases their prices and also deteriorates the environment by production of large amount of greenhouse gases. So, there is a need to develop cheap and sustainable infrastructure. This paper presents an alternative sustainable infrastructure component – prefabricated bamboo reinforced walls beneficial for low cost housing. To determine the potential of these panels in the construction industry, the strength analysis along with the cost estimation and environmental impact analysis were also carried out for these panels. It was observed that these walls are 56% lighter in weight, 40% cheaper and have good strength as compared to partition brick walls. The benefits of these walls over the traditional brick walls were observed to be significant, through which it can be concluded that these wall panels have a great potential for low cost housing

Key Words: Sustainable Infrastructure, Bamboo Reinforced Structure, Low cost housing, Pre-fabricated wall panels

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Title : "Performance based rating and energy performance benchmarking for commercial buildings in India"

Author :Satish Kumar, Saket Saraf, Sanjay Seth, Sameer Pandita, Archana Walia, Madhav Kamath, Aalok Deshmukh

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:Performance based rating systems serve as an excellent baseline “report card”. They are useful for evaluating performance of existing buildings and to set meaningful targets for new buildings. This method replaces guesswork with a scientific methodology to establish targets, evaluate and reward innovations. Over time, it helps to consistently improve the standards through healthy competition by shifting markets to better performing levels. In the US, the LEED for Existing Buildings (LEED EB), ASHRAE’s BuildingEQ, Green Globes Existing Buildings rating system reference actual building performance benchmarked against ENERGY STAR Target Finder. On similar lines, this research could help improve current rating systems in India by providing contextual benchmarks and targets across building types. A database of existing buildings along with their energy consumption and related parameters is a prerequisite for any performance based ratings. USA has been collecting such data in form of the Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) for many years and has used it to develop ENERGY STAR and green building rating systems. This paper describes the first national level initiative in India to collect and rigorously analyze standardized energy use data for 760 commercial buildings. This initiative uses statistical procedures to arrive at a performance based rating methodology and energy consumption benchmarks for India. Specifically, this study (a) Elucidates the need for performance based rating and benchmarking in the Indian context, (b) Discusses the framework for national level data collection, (c) Performs exploratory analysis of whole building energy use across different groups such as use types, climate, operating hours, size, etc. (d) Proposes a methodology for performance rating and benchmarking using regression and distribution analysis, (e) Establishes performance benchmarks for building types, namely – offices, hospitals and hotels, and (f) Concludes with benefits, limitations and extensions for further work in the Indian context

Key Words: Rating, Energy performance, Commercial buildings, India

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Title : "Review of energy efficiency initiatives and regulations for residential buildings in India"

Author :S.S.Chandel, Aniket Sharma, Bhanu M. Marwaha

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:Considering the importance of reducing energy consumption in building sector, objective of present study is to review codes, standards, regulations and energy efficiency initiatives in different countries to identify effective strategy for implementable energy efficiency measures for building regulations in India. A review of energy regulations of 17 countries including India is carried out covering regulation type, code structure, regulatory assessment, energy efficiency measures along with role of regulations in changing energy consumption trend in these countries. Also the initiatives taken in India on energy efficiency in building sector, National Building Code (NBC), Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC), Indian Standard SP:41 modified Leadership in Energy and Environmental design (LEED) homes, Small Versatile Affordable Green Rating Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) for residential buildings to identify implementable energy measures for building regulations. A case study of building regulations of Hamirpur town with composite climate, located in north western Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh, India is carried out to identify implementation problems for energy regulations at local level. It is found that energy efficiency measures are not followed strictly at local level although National codes or state regulations exist because of inappropriate regulation structure, ineffective enforcement and non-availability of detailed technical methodology. Building envelope, climatic and site conditions, building materials, water conservation, waste water recycling, heating, natural day lighting, cooling, ventilation are found to be important parameters for improving energy efficiency in buildings. The identified energy efficiency measures along with passive solar heating and cooling concepts are proposed to be included in SP: 7-2005 NBC and in building regulations for designing energy efficient residential buildings. The recommendations from this study will be useful for similar climate locations in India and worldwide. The outcome of study can also be used for global locations where the energy regulations do not exist or are not effective.

Key Words: BEEC & Regulations, Energy Efficiency Initiatives, Indian Standards, Composite climate regulations, Enforcement & Implementation

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Title : "Vaastushastra: A Guide to Sustainable Building and Settlement Design"

Author :Avlokita Agrawal, Naman Mirajkar, Devavrata Singh

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:Sustainable design of buildings and cities seems to have evolved out of necessity, such that the stress on environment is relieved. If we look at the ancient Indian treatise on architecture called Vaastushastra, sustainability appears to be at the core of the practice even when the environment was not as stressed as today and resource consumption rate was much slower. These ancient texts detail out the process of building design and town planning considering all scientific aspects of modern engineering and beyond. The prescriptions are laid out in a religious language and were supposed to be followed as bye laws. This research is aimed at analysing the ancient texts of Vaastushastra and drawing parallels with contemporary sustainable building rating schemes. Though the technological advancements which find mention in today’s times are nowhere to be seen in ancient text, yet the responsiveness towards environment through passive design has been remarkably demonstrated. Other interesting features dealt with in the Vaastushastra are variations based upon climatic/local context and also spatial organization which in particular finds no mention in contemporary rating systems. Vaastushastra also talks about some economic and social aspects which are ignored in the sustainable building design tools used today. Hence it could be concluded that many aspects highlighted in Vaastushastra, if included in contemporary ratings would lead to a more comprehensive and robust rating tool.

Key Words: Vaastushastra, Sustainability, Rating systems, Prescriptions

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Title : "Sustainability Criteria for Green Buildings based on LEED-EB Rating System and its Key Ideologies of Credit Categories"

Author :Ashok More, Sandip Bhortake

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:Sustainable design of buildings and cities seems to have evolved out of necessity, such that the stress on environment is relieved. If we look at the ancient Indian treatise on architecture called Vaastushastra, sustainability appears to be at the core of the practice even when the environment was not as stressed as today and resource consumption rate was much slower. These ancient texts detail out the process of building design and town planning considering all scientific aspects of modern engineering and beyond. The prescriptions are laid out in a religious language and were supposed to be followed as bye laws. This research is aimed at analysing the ancient texts of Vaastushastra and drawing parallels with contemporary sustainable building rating schemes. Though the technological advancements which find mention in today’s times are nowhere to be seen in ancient text, yet the responsiveness towards environment through passive design has been remarkably demonstrated. Other interesting features dealt with

Key Words: LEED, Green Building, Sustainable criteria

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Title : "Methodology for Developing Criteria weights for Green Building Rating Tool For Gujarat State"

Author :Abhishek Rana, Rajiv Bhatt

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:Green buildings play a vital role in the conservation of the environment. However, it has been found that there are many buildings which possess a minimum impact on the environment, yet fail to get certified under the various criteria set by the green building rating tool. Hence there is a need for modified Green Building Rating tool. This research paper presents a methodology on how the weights of the criteria can be determined using AHP technique. These weights shall further be utilized for the development of points for green building rating tool.

Key Words: Green building, GRIHA, LEED, green building rating tools, AHP

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Title : "Economic Parameters and Efficiency of Green Residential Buildings in Pune, India"

Author :Anshul P.Gujarathi, Vasudha Gokhale

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:Various studies have been performed on cost impacts and impact parameters in Green Buildings against the conventional ones. Most of the studies include commercial buildings prioritizing energy and water related impacts while fewer studies are done on residential scale. This paper attempts to study the residential side of Green. Green certification and rating programs define the greenness quotient for a project with their predefined parameters. These parameters and their standards can be linked directly for their cost impact. In India, Pune is one of the pioneer cities with respect to the number and coverage of green building footprint. All the pertinent ratings of the country appreciate its prominent presence in Pune city with the advantages of applicable municipal incentives. This paper aims to determine and analyse the cost incremental factors for the certified green residential buildings in Pune against the conventional buildings. It will also determine the incremental percentage or the monetary value which impact the project cost. For the study, certified green projects from Pune are considered with at actual data pertaining to the project. The analysis is aimed for the overall effective resultant of cost incremental or decremental factors with the cost benefit analysis. Further a factor analysis is carried out for a survey conducted for the buyers with their approach to green buildings and cost associated.

Key Words: Conventional building, Cost incremental factor, Green building

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Title : "Cost parameters of Green Residential buildings in Pune, India"

Author :Anshul P.Gujarathi

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:Various studies have been performed on cost impacts and impact parameters in Green Buildings against the conventional ones. Most of the studies include commercial buildings prioritizing energy and water related impacts while fewer studies are done on residential scale. This paper attempts to study the residential side of Green.

Key Words: Cost parameters, Green building, Residential building, Pune, India

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Title : "Green Marketing: A Study of Consumer Purchase Behaviour for Green Homes"

Author :Chitral Patel, Pawan K. Chugan

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:Green Marketing has fast emerged as a worldwide phenomenon around the world. As a result, many firms have risen to the occasion and started responding to environmental challenges by practicing green marketing strategies. Green consumerism has played a catalytic role in making business firms green marketing oriented. The infrastructure and construction industry in India is the second largest rapidly growing industry and the single largest contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. To keep a check on environmental harm caused by this industry, the concept of Green Buildings has been evolved. This paper assesses the extent of awareness, attitudes and purchase behaviour among consumers for green homes in Ahmedabad city of Gujarat State of India. It is found that awareness for green homes among the respondents is high and majority of respondents believe that purchasing a green home will contribute to a sustainable future. However, they reported to be cautious while considering green features during purchase of a green home due to uncertainty on the way builders are following standards for building a green home. More than average respondents are agree to pay premium if it is less than 5% more for green homes compared to conventional homes. The chi-square statistics also found that income, occupation and education plays important role in green purchase behavior.

Key Words: Green Marketing, Green Building, Eco-friendly homes, Green Consumerism

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Title : "How sustainable are vernacular dwellings? A study of local bhunga houses in Kutch adapting to desert climates in a sustainable way, with reference to modern green building norms followed in India"

Author :Janmejoy Gupta, Shruti Mazumdar

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:Amongst the vernacular dwellings that have grown in response to the prevailing climates of their respective regions, are included the mud and thatched-roof huts that exist in the northern part of Kutch in the Great Rann' area. These mud huts utilize the traditionally known properties of mud and thatch- high thermal capacity of mud and insulation properties of thatch in order to adapt to extreme hot-dry desert climates in a sustainable way. An analysis of the four basic parameters of sustainability, i.e. site, energy, materials and wastes with respect to bhunga huts helped ascertain the truth behind the hypothesis that vernacular architecture is inherently energy efficient.

Key Words: Bhunga, Traditional building, Kutch, Sustainable building

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Title : "Application of Energy Concepts for Green Buildings"

Author :Krishna Joshi

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:This Paper outlines the use of green materials which are to be used for construction of buildings, the financial aspects attached with designing and planning of green building. the current status of green buildings in India. Different Green building councils all over the world and their ratings with the need to explore alternative building materials for protection ecosystems

Key Words: Green Building Materials, Embodied Energy, Sustainable, LEED India, Alternative Building Materials

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Title : "Sustainable building materials used in Green buildings"

Author :K.N.Sheth

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:Use of the sustainable material is a part of the sustainable development. The word was popularized in Our Common Future, a report published by World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987. Sustainable development is the development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In 1992 the principles of sustainable development were formulated at the United Nations Conference on Environment and development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Three bottom line concept of sustainability model given by John Elkington also explained to economic development, social equity and environmental protection. In this context green buildings are sustainable building are sustainable or green. The components of the green building include material efficiency, water efficiency, energy efficiency, indoor air quality efficiency, waste reduction, HVAC design and sustainable site planning. An attempt has been made in this paper to describe the characteristics of the green material as material efficient and the environmental philosophy behind each of this characteristic.

Key Words: Material efficiency, Green buildings, reusable, recyclable, Regional material, Materials Reuse

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Title : "Review of Building Data Frameworks across Countries: Lessons for India"

Author :Maithili Iyer, Hannan Stratton, Sangeeta Mathew, Satish Kumar, Paul Mathew, Mohini Singh

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:This report outlines the initial explorations carried out by LBNL on available examples of energy data collection frameworks for buildings. Specifically, this monograph deals with European experience in the buildings sector, the US experience in the commercial buildings sector, and examples of data collection effort in Singapore and China to capture the Asian experience in the commercial sector. The review also provides a summary of the past efforts in India to collect and use commercial building energy data and its strengths and weaknesses. The overall aim of this activity is to help understand the use cases that drive the granularity of data being collected and the range of methodologies adopted for the data collection effort. This review will be a key input and reference for developing a data collection framework for India, and will also clarify general thinking on the institutional structure that may be amenable for data collection effort to match the needs and requirements of commercial building sector in India.

Key Words: Energy efficiency, Data Framework, Energy footprint, BEE, ECBC

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Title : "Establishing a Commercial Buildings Energy Data Framework for India: A Comprehensive Look at Data Collection Approaches, Use Cases and Institutions"

Author :Maithili Iyer, Hannan Stratton, Sangeeta Mathew, Satish Kumar, Paul Mathew, Mohini Singh

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:Enhancing energy efficiency of the commercial building stock is an important aspect of any national energy policy. Understanding how buildings use energy is critical to formulating any new policy that may impact energy use, underscoring the importance of credible data. Data enables informed decision making and good quality data is essential for policy makers to prioritize energy saving strategies and track implementation. Given the uniqueness of the buildings sector and challenges to collecting relevant energy data, this study characterizes various elements involved in pertinent data collection and management, with the specific focus on well-defined data requirements, appropriate methodologies and processes, feasible data collection mechanisms, and approaches to institutionalizing the collection process. This report starts with a comprehensive review of available examples of energy data collection frameworks for buildings across different countries. The review covers the U.S. experience in the commercial buildings sector, the European experience in the buildings sector and other data collection initiatives in Singapore and China to capture the more systematic efforts in Asia in the commercial sector. To provide context, the review includes a summary and status of disparate efforts in India to collect and use commercial building energy data. Using this review as a key input, the study developed a data collection framework for India with specific consideration to relevant use cases. Continuing with the framework for data collection, this study outlines the key performance indicators applicable to the use cases and their collection feasibility, as well as immediate priorities of the participating stakeholders. It also discusses potential considerations for data collection and the possible approaches for survey design. With the specific purpose of laying out the possible ways to structure and organize data collection institutionally, the study collates existing mechanisms to analyze building energy performance in India and opportunities for standardizing data collection. This report describes the existing capacities and resources for establishing an institutional framework for data collection, the legislation and mandates that support such activity, and identifies roles and responsibilities of the relevant ministries and organizations. Finally, the study presents conclusions and identifies two major data collection strategies within the existing legal framework.

Key Words: Commerical buildings, Energy data framework, BEE, ECBC

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Title : "A Governance Perspective on NZEB niche development in India: a comparative case study"

Author :Mansi Jain, Thomas Hoppe, Hans Bressers

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:This paper the state of governance towards NZEB niche development was analyzed in the Indian regions of both Delhi and Ajmer. The study adopted a case study research design to assess the governance against four qualities used in the “Governance Assessment Tool” of extent, coherence, flexibility and intensity of the five structural components of the GAT. The five components are Levels and scales, Actors and networks, Strategies and instruments, problem perspectives and goals, and Responsibilities and resources.

Key Words: Net zero buildings, Energy transition, Governance, Niche formation, Strategic niche management

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Title : "Analyzing sectoral niche formation: The case of net-zero energy buildings in India"

Author :Mansi Jain, Thomas Hoppe, Hans Bressers

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:Large scale development of Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs)is seen as a potential solution to deal with future energy challenges in the building sector. This article aims to assess the current status of NZEB development in India by using an integrated framework named Sectoral System Innovation Assessment framework (SSIAf). The article addresses the research question: ¨‘‘What does the SSIA framework tell about NZEB niche formation in India?The ¨ SSIAf is developed using insights from the theoretical frameworks of Strategic Niche Management(SNM) and Sectoral Innovation Systems (SIS) with five key components: shaping of expectations, social network formation, institutions, learning process and market demand. A case study research design was used to analyze seven NZEB demonstration projects in India. The results show that the NZEB innovation niche has yet to develop into a mature niche, and is growing only slowly

Key Words: Net zero energy bui;ding, Energy transition, Niche development, Strategic niche development, Sectoral innovation system

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Title : "Formulating Guidelines for Effective Implementation of Green Building Scheme of the Urban Local Bodies"

Author :Namrata Amarjeet Mahal, Swati Kotulkar Pai

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:The long-term benefits of green buildings are known at all levels of Government; hence efforts have been taken to promote and incentivize National Green Building Rating System- GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment). Presently, the GRIHA footprint is approximately 29 million square meters, which is less as compared to the pace of development in India. Having said that and presuming the existence of implementation challenges, this research study was conceptualized, primarily with the objective to understand the existing green building policies incentivizing GRIHA, the implementation challenges associated with it and finally formulating guidelines for effective implementation of green building scheme of the ULB (Urban Local Body). The research study based on primary information collated from 71 stakeholders and secondary sources, was concluded with the understanding that the following four components (i) Information Management (ii) Human Resource Management (iii) Knowledge Management (iv) Incentive model & outreach and its detailing as elaborated in the paper is of paramount importance for effective implementation of the green building scheme at the ULB level.

Key Words: Green building scheme, Indian context, Implementation guidelines, National green building rating system, Urban local body

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Title : "India Commercial Buildings Data Framework: A Summary of Potential Use Cases"

Author :Paul Mathew, Sangeeta Mathew, Satish Kumar, Mohini Singh, Hannah Stratton, Maithili Iyer

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:This document details a potential set of use cases for India’s Commercial Buildings Data Framework. The use cases are aimed at enabling data-driven, evidence-based policy making and at transforming the market for energy efficiency in the building sector by facilitating the adoption of (1) superior energyefficient building design and operation and maintenance practices, and (2) better specification and procurement of end-use equipment and systems.

Key Words: Energy Efficiency, Commercial Buildings Data Framework, India

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Title : "Capturing Energy-Saving Opportunities: Improving Building Efficiency in Rajasthan through Energy Code Implementation"

Author :Qing Tan, Sha Yu, Meredydd, Jyotirmay Mathur, Linh Vu

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:India has experienced rapid growth in building energy consumption in the past several decades, primarily due to extensive urbanization and economic growth. The total floor space of commercial buildings is expected to continue increasing through 2030 and beyond. In response to the challenge presented by increasing energy consumption in buildings, the Indian Ministry of Power launched the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) in 2007. This model code sets minimum energy performance standards for large commercial buildings. As India’s largest state by area, Rajasthan was the first to adopt the code with minor additions in 2011, through the Rajasthan Energy Conservation Building Directives (R-ECBD). R-ECBD is mandatory for commercial buildings in Rajasthan with a connected load of over 100 kilowatts or a contract demand of over 120 kilovolt-amps.

Key Words: Building Efficiency, Energy saving, Rajasthan, Energy code

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Title : "Need of the Hour: Trained Professionals for Green Buildings"

Author :Rachna Dhingra, Puja Gupta

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:The tremendous growth in economic activity across the globe is placing pressure on natural and environmental resources. The rising concern for the environment in response to global warming is driving thinkers to seek sustainable solutions. The real estate industry is a significant contributor to the global warming due to extensive emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the energy use in buildings. This indicates that there is a real opportunity to develop green buildings in the country. The concept of green building integrates interests and aspects of sustainability emphasising reduction of environmental impacts through a holistic approach to land and building uses and construction strategies. Many professionals associated with the building industry follow different guidelines depending upon the need of the project. A study was done to check awareness and knowledge of contractors in the areas of green buildings and sustainable development. This study was conducted in Delhi-NCR Regions. The methods used for data collection were interview schedule and group discussions. It was revealed that the knowledge of contractors is very low in the areas of green buildings and sustainable development. These findings reveal there is a need of trained professionals for construction of green buildings.

Key Words: Construction Industry, Environment, Green Buildings, Sustainable Development

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Title : "A Conceptual Review of Green Buildings in India: Importance and Need"

Author :Ruchi Gautam, Sachita Passi Sabharwal

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:Buildings are built to fulfil a purpose. It must be safe, healthy, comfortable, enable productivity and well-being of the employees, making it a green building. In today’s world energy crisis, it is important for architects and builders to focus on efficient buildings. Technologies applied in green buildings will enhance the building environment and functionality for occupants, while reducing operational costs. This paper seeks to provide an overview of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) in India, which is associated with the Indian Green Business Council. The review of the most relevant green building systems demonstrates that there is a significant growth in this field. The objective of the paper is to raise awareness of the importance of a green building for a better future. And further to see the negative impacts of conventional buildings while creating healthy and beneficial places for human beings to live, work and play.

Key Words: Green buildings, Well-being, Productivity, Sustainability

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Title : "Comparative Review criteria utilization by LEED and GRIHA: Green building Rating systems for New construction in India"

Author :Rohan V. Nalawade, S.G.Sonar

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:Building construction is witnessing growth at highest rate in last 10 years in India. This has an impact on available resources of material for construction also direct and indirect effect on natural environment and increase in green house Gas emissions. Green building rating systems have been contributing to assess building performance based on their efforts to minimize this impact on natural environment. This study analyze the criteria and their significance in two basic green building rating systems in India LEED and GRIHA. This is a part of research study where an attempt is made to quantify the role of each criterion in both systems as performance indicator by post occupancy evaluation. In this paper, author performs comparative analysis of assessment criteria.

Key Words: Green Buildings, GRIHA, LEED, Rating system

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Title : "Comparison analysis of Green building materials and conventional materials in energy efficiency performance"

Author :Srikant Misra, G.R.K.D Satya Prasad, Navnit Kumar, Satish Kumar Sah

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:In present senior energy consumption has increased a lot. The increase in energy consumption is due to increased in number of building that is being constructed these days. The material that is used to build a general building now days mostly consists of non-renewable materials which are neither long lasting nor Energy Efficient. These are health hazardous and less eco-friendly too. As far as economist is concern, though these material gives the low initial cost for making a building but leads to high energy consumption expenses and a high maintenance cost which results in increasing the overall cost of the building. In this paper we will observe the effect of some of the component of green building like roof, glass etc and its different kinds which is use to construct the green buildings. And also we will find how much extent this green glass reduces the overall power consumption of the building as compare to normal glass by using simulation process(Using ECO-nirman whole building performance tool software) and ultimately get the advantage of this Green house component over normal component.

Key Words: BEE, GRIHA, LEED, ECBC, IGBC, GREEN BUILDING, ECO-nirman

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Title : "Indoor Environmental Quality Credits in Green Buildings in India"

Author :Subodhika Vohra, Meenakshi Mital

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:A critical component of a green building is its indoor environment. Maintaining good IAQ requires enhanced ventilation, increased consumption of energy and thus higher operating costs. Reducing ventilation rates to save energy increases indoor generated VOCs and small particles by an amount that may pose health risks. To strike a balance between the two, integrated design approach towards IAQ and energy is used in green buildings. The study focuses on how to make the rating system more adaptable, where the potential planner is able to understand the rating system and integrate the knowledge to identify the hindrances and how can they overcome the same to attain credits in the rating system. Further for higher adoption of the rating system in India, new aspects that can be included in the rating system and how to make credits easier to attain have been seen. Also in the LEED for India NC/CS rating system there have been India specific changes and the study is warranted to understand how it has been perceived by the users and take their suggestions for improvement of the rating system. The study was carried out in six buildings which were developed as case studies. Four buildings have been certified under LEED India NC, one under LEED India CS and one is pre certified under LEED India CS. The study revealed the catalysts and hindrances associated with attaining credits under IEQ category. Some of the catalysts were gains in productivity, occupant comfort and wellbeing and improved indoor air quality. Some of the hindrances faced were high implementation cost of technology, amendment in the design of the building and difficultly to coordinate with the MEP, architect and project manager. The study also highlights the suggestions of stakeholders towards making credits under IEQ category easier to attempt and attain. Some of the suggestions were to reduce the threshold value for day lighting from 75% to 50%, exclude individual controls in commercial buildings and restricting CO2 monitoring to AHU level.

Key Words: Catalysts, Green Buildings, Hindrances, Indoor Environmental Quality, LEED for India

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Title : "Property tax assessment incentives for green building: A review"

Author :S.A.A.Shazmin, I.Sipan, M.Sapri

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:The development of green building has received the attention of various levels of government around the globe, including from local authorities. There are two main categories of incentives provided by local authorities as a means of encouraging the development of green building, which include financial and structural incentives. It has been found that financial incentives, in particular property tax assessment incentives, have been widely adopted by several Commonwealth countries around the globe including Spain, Romania, Italy, Bulgaria, the United States, Canada, Malaysia and India. The practice of providing property tax assessment incentives within the green building field has been empirically documented by several researchers, in order to encourage the growth of numbers of green building instances at a local level. However, no comprehensive academic study has been conducted to review the effect of this incentive on the development of green building. Therefore the purpose of this study has been to review and discuss the available models and bases adopted, in order to develop this incentive. There are three types of property tax assessment incentive models that have been identified as available for encouraging the development of green building, which include reductions, exemptions and rebates. These incentives were developed based on four identified bases, which specifically include the increased amounts of property tax assessments of completed green buildings, the costs of green components, the rate imposed on property tax assessments, and the level of green certification. The findings identified that most property tax assessment incentive models regarding green buildings were developed on the basis of the value of green components, specifically the increased amount of property tax assessments of green buildings, and the costs of green components

Key Words: Property tax assessment, Local authority, Incentive, Initiative, Green building, Encourages green buildings

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Title : "Development of Sustainable Construction for Residential Buildings in Pune City"

Author :S.V.Dewalkar, Govindraj Jadhav, Mohit Rapta, Akshay Shelke, Sagar Gaikwad, Nishant Shinde

Publication year: 2016

Abstract:Sustainability is not added on to conventional buildings but it lies in the approach of designing and constructing. ‘Green’ materials include those which are renewable and/or cause the least impact on the environment. The real estate industry is a significant contributor to global warming due to the extensive emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the materials use in building construction Thus there is need of green certification to satisfy consumer. No doubt the number of green buildings has increased but, when the percentage of green building is compared with the total construction the number is insignificant. This paper is an attempt to find out the barriers in application of Green Building materials in real estate construction of Pune by survey methodology. Also to better understand the development of sustainable construction as well as to do in systematic manner a rich source of information on research in real estate construction is carried out.

Key Words: Pune city, Green building construction, Barriers, Awareness

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Title : "Role of Green Buildings in Sustainable Construction- Need, Challenges and Scope in the Indian Scenario"

Author :Devarshi Tathagat, Ramesh Dod

Publication year: 2015

Abstract:Change in climate, caused by the release of greenhouse effect causing gases (primarily carbon dioxide) into the atmosphere, has been recognized as one of the greatest threats of the 21st century. Share of the global energy consumption in India and China has also been on the rise due to heavy industrialization, urbanization, population explosion, and intensive growth of IT. Buildings are the prime energy consumers in modern cities accounting upto 40 to 45% energy consumption. Their consumption can be largely confined through improving efficiency, which is an effective means to lessen greenhouse gas emissions and slow down depletion of fossil fuels. There is a heavy (over 50%) saving potential in the building sector and thus it is considered as a potential sector to meet the challenges of global energy demand and climate change. Along with the advent of energy efficient measures, more effective means are needed to induce or compel greater efforts, especially to the signatories of the Kyoto Protocol. This technical paper highlights the importance of sustainable construction, discusses role of energy efficiency in green buildings in Indian context to reduce the energy consumption and environmental degradation through Green House Gas emission (GHG). Also it points out to the benefits of green construction as well as the incentives from govt. and municipal bodies for GRIHA certified green building.

Key Words: ECBC, GRIHA, Green Building, Green Building Rating, LEED, Zero Net Energy Buildings

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Title : "Integrating Renewable Energy Sources to an Urban Building in India: Challenges, Opportunities, and Techno-Economic Feasibility Simulation"

Author :Y. V. Pavan Kumar, & Bhimasingu Ravikumar

Publication year: 2015

Abstract:Microgrids deployment is primarily envisioned to meet the energy needs of remote areas due to inaccessibility of utility power. But, due to the recent globalization epoch, the rural and remote areas in the world are merging into urban communities and creating huge burden on the utility grid. Hence, the microgrids design focus has been shifting towards urban communities. Hybrid power systems are becoming a popular way in the design of microgrids by using locally available renewable energy sources (RES). This compensates the global depletion of conventional fossil fuel based utility grid energy. At this point of time, it is very important to examine the adoptability of those recent evolutions for a specific user location. With this intent, this paper presents various prospects in terms of challenges, opportunities, and technoeconomic feasibility analysis for the integration of various RES to an existing urban building power system. The analysis is done by considering practical data of an enterprise building located in India. Various RES such as, photovoltaics, parabolic troughs, and wind energy are considered to form the microgrid. The simulation results increase the faith on the designed architecture by projecting an average cost savings of 27.55 %/day on the energy utilization with 5.97 years of return on investment. This analysis can be adoptable for any large scale urban community buildings such as financial districts, universities, residential greater communities, and industries.

Key Words: Microgrids, Hybrid Power Systems (HPS), Renewable Energy Sources (RES), Wind Power (WP), Solar Photovoltaic (PV), Solar Parabolic Troughs (PT)

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Title : "Green” building in India: a comparative and spatial analysis of the LEED-India and GRIHA rating systems"

Author :Russel M. Smith

Publication year: 2015

Abstract:With an urban population exceeding that of the entire USA, India has two systems for encouraging environmentally sustainable growth for its rapidly growing urban population. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-India is associated with the internationally known LEED program, which is administered in India by the Indian Green Business Council. Meanwhile, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy and The Energy and Resource Institute (TERI) developed GRIHA (the Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment). This indigenous green building standard is similar to the LEED system in recognizing development that meets certain environmental and sustainable development practices. This paper seeks to provide an overview of the LEED-India and GRIHA programs and examine the spatial dynamics of projects developed under LEED-India and GRIHA requirements. In the end, this analysis will provide important insight into these two competing urban sustainability programs in India and begin a discussion of the merits of each.

Key Words: Urban sustainability, Green building, GRIHA, LEED-India, India

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Title : "Facilitating Green Building Adoption - An Optimization Based Decision Support Tool"

Author :Debjyoti Roychowdhury, Rajluxmi V Murthy, Jose P D

Publication year: 2015

Abstract:The US Environmental Protection Agency defines green buildings as the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle from site selection to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. The adoption of green building norms in India is a relatively new phenomenon. The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) has been the torch bearer for this effort since 2001. There are three major green building guidelines currently being adopted in India: (1) LEED®-New Construction (LEED-NC), (2) GRIHA® by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) that was established voluntarily to rate buildings, and (3) LEED®-INDIA released by the Indian Green Building Council which is inspired by LEED-NC and includes alterations based on Indian construction environment. The decision to opt for green construction and the level of green aspirations is constrained by the extra cost of going green, i.e. the green premium. The level of environment friendliness, given by the rating of the building, is not arrived at in a scientific manner by considering the options and their cost implications. Risk averse owners, in spite of their desire to go green, are hindered by a lack of information on the various options and ability to decide which options to choose. This information, if made available as a decision support tool, can be valuable in bringing green buildings into the mainstream. The non availability of such a tool is a major barrier in the growth of the green building movement (USEPA report “Removing market barriers to green development”). The objective of this work is to develop an optimization based decision support tool that can be used to either arrive at the optimal green rating given the budget and choice constraints, or at the optimal green premium given the green rating aspirations. These can help a builder optimize green ratings or greening costs, as desired, or by a policy maker to come up with appropriate and effective policies. The Indian GRIHA rating guidelines are used as inputs for measuring the green rating of a building. In addition sensitivity to costs, of socially important parameters such as use of solar energy, fly-ash etc., of choices made for achieving desired green ratings are studied. This can help drive appropriate policy initiatives for adoption of such technologies.

Key Words: Green building, Rating systems, Cost structure, Environment, decision support system and Optimization

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Title : "Green Buildings: The Indian Perspective"

Author :Arpitpushp Chaturvedi

Publication year: 2015

Abstract:"This paper will look at the current scenario in India with regard to green buildings. The paper pushes for more incentives and encouragement from a developing economy like India for green buildings in order to push for nationwide awareness as well as development of green buildings. There is going to be a substantial increase in the consumption of energy in Indian buildings. With the constant growth of the commercial area and migration from rural to urban sector the energy demand for living and commercial purposes is going to increase which is going to result in carbon emissions harmful for the climate. The Fourth report of the IPCC has urged to pay attention on the carbon emissions from the building sector. The report published a comparative study wherein it was found that among all the sectors evaluated, the building sector is the most capable of lowering down carbon emissions at any cost level or in any country. The paper starts with introducing the idea of green buildings and then displays the current Indian scenario as it stands. The paper further deals with the need for green buildings in a developing country like India and also the efforts that have already been advanced while laying down the barriers faced by India development of Green Buildings. Towards the end, the paper discusses the solutions and incentives that are needed to further the development of green buildings in developing economies like India. While doing so it dwells into a comparative study of countries around the world that have successfully encouraged the development of green buildings through incentives. The paper has been written in way that a layman can understand and comprehend the problems and the solution with respect to green buildings in developing economies like India."

Key Words: green buildings, GRIHA, ADaRSH, Sustainable Development, Energy law and policy, Environmental law, Incentives

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Title : "Factors Influencing Consumer Behavior for Purchasing Green Homes/Buildings"

Author :Chitral Patel, Pawan K. Chugan

Publication year: 2015

Abstract:"This paper will look at the current scenario in India with regard to green buildings. The paper pushes for more incentives and encouragement from a developing economy like India for green buildings in order to push for nationwide awareness as well as development of green buildings. There is going to be a substantial increase in the consumption of energy in Indian buildings. With the constant growth of the commercial area and migration from rural to urban sector the energy demand for living and commercial purposes is going to increase which is going to result in carbon emissions harmful for the climate. The Fourth report of the IPCC has urged to pay attention on the carbon emissions from the building sector. The report published a comparative study wherein it was found that among all the sectors evaluated, the building sector is the most capable of lowering down carbon emissions at any cost level or in any country. The paper starts with introducing the idea of green buildings and the"

Key Words: Green Consumerism, Green Homes, Consumer Behavior, Green Factors, Eco-friendly

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Title : "Analysing Market Feasibility of Residential Green Buildings in Tier-II Cities in India"

Author :Priya Grover

Publication year: 2015

Abstract:"In this project prepared a working model on green society which not only provides occupant an ecofriendly environment but it also focuses on re-use of waste materials. Minimal CO2 emission, Less electricity consumption and gives zero discharge. Majority it has solar panels to produce electricity but even biogas plant which emit methane gas (used as cooking fuel) and other gases also produce electricity. Also windmill installed contributes to electricity production .The hydraulic jump in the canal behind the society also helps in electricity production hence the generated electricity can be used to run the appliances in the house of the society .Here the sand filters are used to filter out grey water and sewage water which can be used in watering the plants in the garden.Most importantly green techniques like double coated window , cavity wall, cooling pipes , cooling tower incommercial building , porous pipe , rain water harvesting , zigzag LED light arrangements, low flow fixture in washroom etc... Have been included for thermal insulation, acoustics, proper ventilation and lighting and reduces use of water. This whole society is ultimately created on the basis of three important techniques i.e. 3R (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle)"

Key Words: IGBC, Residential Green Buildings, Energy Efficiency

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Title : "Study of Energy Efficient Building “GREEN BUILDING"

Author :Deepshikha Neogi, Jignasga Patel

Publication year: 2015

Abstract:"Going green is the latest trend among corporate and residential apartments. The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) estimates the demand for Green building materials and equipment will reach $ 8 billion per annum by 2015. In tune with the global trend to protect the environment, the number of Green building projects in India went up from 164 in 2009 to over 2000 by 2012. Looking into this scenario, the objective of this paper is to assess and improvise level of knowledge among developers, customers, and local authorities regarding residential green buildings in Tier II cities in India.The study is limited only for Tier-II city of Bhopal, which is an upcoming residential hub situated in the heart of India. A three-tier survey involving three parties, viz. Potential Buyers, Developers and Government Bodieshelped in determining the level of awareness regarding green building concepts in the general public and local real estate developers of Bhopal, ascertaining the willingness of the public to pay for energy efficiency, assessment of the customers’, developers’ and Government’s perspective on Green buildings, analysis of the market scope of residential green buildings from the developers’ and Government’s perspective, identifying the challenges that the developers face in building green, and getting an insight of the current scenario of the residential green building market.The results show that if all the above parties involved in the process of residential green building development work in sync with each other, residential green buildings can be made feasible for Tier-II cities in India."

Key Words: Green Building, Bio- Gas Plant, Solar Panel, Wind Mill, Energy Efficiency, Water Efficiency, Materials Efficiency, Design Efficiency, Occupants Health And Safety

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Title : "Retrofitting of an Existing Structure: An Experimental Study Demonstrating Use of Building Information Modelling and Rating Systems for Sustainable Development"

Author :Divya Sampat, Kavach Mishra, Malini Sisodia, Abhinav Choudhary

Publication year: 2015

Abstract:"In India the construction industry being the second largest industry after agriculture, contributes around 7% of India’s GDP growth, is forecasted to grow at a rate of around 9.2% as compared to the global average of 5.5%. According to one estimate, this industry consumes 40% of total energy and about one half of the world’s major resources. Thus, the issue of energy security and green building initiatives is required to be taken up seriously. The potential for energy savings is 40%-50% in new buildings designed based on green design whereas for existing buildings it can go up to 20%-25% based on retro fitting measures. Integrating dynamic simulation energy efficiency methods such as building information modelling with green technologies, an existing institutional structure has been retrofitted in this bonafide work."

Key Words: Sustainable Development, Building Information Modelling, Green Building, Building Energy Performance, Retrofitting, IGBC Green Existing Building O&M Rating System

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Title : "Comparative study of LEED and GRIHA rating system"

Author :Iliyas Ikbal Sande, N.S.Phadtare

Publication year: 2015

Abstract:"With the increasing awareness of sustainable development in the construction industry, implementation of a green rating procedure to assess buildings is becoming more important. The rating tool set benchmarks for green measures for constructing and using buildings to make them sustainable and to reduce their negative impacts on environment. The most representative building environment assessment schemes in India that are in use today are Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA). This paper aims to focus on the study of LEED and GRIHA rating system and compare both with regards to their assessment methods, scopes, performance criteria and energy rating scales are presented. Through this study, an attempt is made to make clear understanding of LEED and GRIHA rating system assessment criteria that need to be considered during comparison. From this Comparative study prepare a general checklist which will cover each and every aspect required for assessment and certification for any small scale green building project."

Key Words: Green building, Rating system, LEED, GRIHA, Energy performance assessment

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Title : "GRIHA norm evaluation - A field study in Uttarakhand, India"

Author :Jasmeen Sandhu, Akshaya Tripathi, Kartik Arunachala, Madhu Sharma

Publication year: 2015

Abstract:"Enormously growing demands for urban fabricated spaces have caused enormous rise in the construction of buildings. In addition to this the increasing population of India has also resulted in constructing of numerous schools, colleges and universities. The need of the present hour is that these developments should occur in a sustainable manner causing minimal or no harm to the environment. This field study was undertaken in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the developing construction sector of India. The aim was to assess the importance of educational institutions in the promotion of green buildings. This paper gives a preview of various green building rating systems available in India along with their salient features. An educational institution was assessed by means of GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) evaluation system. During the course of field survey all the criterions were assessed. The findings and the possible star rating which can be achieved by the educational establishment has been described in this paper."

Key Words: "GRIHA, Smart City, Green Buildings, Greenhouse Gas, Climate Zones, Sewage Treatment Plant, Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)"

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Title : "Overview of Natural Stones as an Energy Efficient and Climate Responsive Material Choice for Green Buildings"

Author :P.P.Anil Kumar

Publication year: 2015

Abstract:"In building construction, natural stones are the most pristine materials one can choose for a varied number of reasons from thermal efficiency to their natural looks. Natural stones are heterogeneous mixture of minerals formed over millions of years under the joint effect of pressure and presence of suitable binders. There are around 4,500–500 varieties of natural stones present across the world today. For thousands of years, natural stones were in use, as one can see in Egyptian, ancient Greece and Roman architecture. All these civilizations were aware of the multifarious advantages offered by this natural material. Fortunately in today’s world, where we frantically formulate rules for sustainable modes of architecture, development and construction, we are able to draw liberally on the experience that was acquired by the ancient and traditional builders over the past millennia and before in construction using natural stones. Their merits are many from the extraction, energy consumption, processing, recyclability and waste production and combustibility viewpoints especially for Green buildings. Certified green buildings are identified as the best vehicle to deliver sustainable architecture in an organized way. They are also projected as the flagships of sustainable development due to its underlying responsibility for balancing long term economic, social and environmental impacts on nature. The paper attempts to overview the virtues and benefits of using natural stones for the Green building certification regime as followed by leadership in energy and environmental design (LEED). Through judicious use of natural stones, one can majorly influence/enhance the extent of compliance of a building for green building certification. The paper discusses the suitability and varied applications of natural stones in buildings as applied to Indian context. The paper draws liberally from the background study on ‘sustainability dimensions of natural stones from the green building certification perspective’ which is part of a broader study being done at NIT Calicut to evolve an Indian certification norm for green buildings, modifying LEED and green rating for integrated habitat assessment (GRIHA) systems of certification."

Key Words: "Green buildings, Natural stones, Climate responsiveness, Energy efficiency, Sustainable architecture"

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Title : "Energy savings potentials in buildings through energy audit - a case study in an Indian building"

Author :Rajesh Tilwani, C.Sethuraman

Publication year: 2015

Abstract:International reports show about 25 to 35% energy saving potential in commercial buildings. Many buildings in India, situated in different climatic zones are energy inefficient since they were not constructed following energy conservation building codes and techniques of solar passive architecture. It is impractical to redesign and reconstruct such buildings. In such cases retrofitting of utilities provides a cost effective solution than going for altering the existing building structures. The aim of this paper is to present the results generated from a detailed energy audit study conducted in an office buildings to propagate the awareness of energy saving potentials in Indian buildings. Based on data collection and measurement undertaken, the present case study envisages many energy-saving measures to be considered for implementation towards achieving the energy saving potential in the identified areas. The identified areas were Air conditioning, Lighting, UPSs, Power factor improvement and installation of Energy Management System (EMS). The analysis revealed that the public office building in which the detailed energy audit was carried out has the annual energy saving potential of 231656 kWh, in terms of cost saving; it would be Rs. 16.2 Lakhs. In order to achieve this benefit, it requires one time investment of Rs. 27.5 Lakhs, resulting the payback period of 1.7 years. "

Key Words: "Proposals, Lighting, Power measurement, Reactive power, Uninterruptible power systems, Loading, Heating"

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Title : "Green Quotient Evaluation of Existing Buildings : A Case Stud"

Author :Sunita Bansal, S.K.Singh, Srijit Biswas

Publication year: 2015

Abstract:The construction, characteristics, operation, and demolition of buildings are increasingly recognized as a major source of adverse environmental impact. Without significant transformation of building construction and operations, such impacts are expected to increase with population growth and changes in other demographic and economic factors. One strategy for achieving that transformation is most widely known by the term Green Building[3]. We have gone past the point where going „green‟ is an option. It has now become an absolute necessity to not only mandatorily construct green but rate Green Quotient of our existing buildings also according to LEED-EB. Existing buildings in Delhi-NCR form the main bulk of the building stock, and they are a significant consumer of energy and water resources, and thus negatively affecting the environment. The International Energy Agency released a publication that estimated that existing buildings are responsible for more than 40% of the world‟s total primary energy consumption and for 24% of global carbon dioxide emissions [5]. Undertaking a green retrofit of an existing building brings about both tangible and intangible benefits- reduce the energy and water consumption, improve the building‟s indoor environment quality and reduces „sick building‟ syndrome. In this paper, a case study on an existing building in Delhi-NCR has been presented to inspire all stakeholders in the industry to make a concerted effort to improve the performance of our existing buildings in every sense and ensure a better built environment for our future. Regulations have to be framed by the Govt. for every building to evaluate their green status and thus minimize the negative effects of building industry on the environment.

Key Words: "Green Building, LEED, Rating system, Performance evaluation, Existing buildings"

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Title : "Selection of Materials for Green Construction: A Review"

Author :Geeta Mehta, Amit Mehta, Bidhan Sharma

Publication year: 2014

Abstract:Go Green has become a global slogan today. We desperately need to save the environment which is the resource of life on earth. Unfortunately the development in technology is clubbed with the diminishing of the resources or polluting the environment. The various factories and industries, automobiles, mining processes are causing damage to our environment. It has been a big challenge for technologists, engineers and scientists to save environment and natural resources without compromising with the quality of performance, development rate and comfort level of society. We have come a long way in developing the materials and techniques which may help to save environment and control depleting resources for future generation. Green buildings is a concept on the same theory.In the effective view green construction includes, increasing energy efficiency of a building usinggreen natural or renewable resources instead of non-renewable resources. In this paper we are presenting the factors to be considered to decide the selection of materials for green construction."

Key Words: "Energy efficient, Green construction, Improved air quality, Material efficiency, Renewable resources

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Title : "A Cross Case Investigation of Sustainability Assessment tools of the LEED, BREEAM and GRIHA"

Author :Amira Elnokaly, Manvi vyas

Publication year: 2014

Abstract:"With spreading of the very notion of sustainable development in the construction industry, the rating system schemes to assess the energy efficiency is becoming more vital than ever. Today, a great deal of effort is placed all over the world in achieving and implementing sustainable strategies and development in the construction industry. The aim of this paper is to provide an objective comparison of the sustainability performance assessment of three tools that are used and applied in sustainability assessment in three different countries. This paper critically examines the sustainability assessment for new buildings within three building environment assessment schemes within the BREEAM-UK, LEED-USA and GRIHA-India. Bose (2011) noted that there are many aspects, which are not been addressed to respond to the Indian context within the used assessment tools in India. The paper reviews this tools aiming at identifying those aspects and putting forward a strategy to address them in the Indian rating tool through a comparative study of this system with two of the most leading systems of the world namely the LEED and BREEAM. The paper through a cross case analysis identifies the nature and contribution, in addition to the shortcomings in the existing sustainable parameters of the three tools identified. This is followed by an evaluation of the three systems based on the similarities of their assessment criteria, credits, benchmarks and energy performance system. Scope of further development of the GRIHA assessment tool is identified particularly the need for expansion of the 3 broader categories it uses for assessment. The paper proposes that in developing countries like India there should be a scope within the sustainability assessment tools to capture the health and well being of the society."

Key Words: "Sustianable development, Health and well-being, LEED, BREEAM, GRIHA"

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Title : "Glass-wool Insulation: ECBC Compliance and Green Building Aspect"

Author :Biswajit Roy

Publication year: 2014

Abstract:The scope of the paper is to understand the compliance of the prescriptive requirement of Energy Conservation Building Code, 2007, ECBC-2007. It also reveals information of product and application that comfortably exceed the thermal requirement while maintaining high standard of Fire-safety and acoustic values .The environmental objective is also met by the product/application and that helps to satisfy requirement of project's Green certification."

Key Words: K-Value, R-value, U-Value, ECBC, Glass wool, GRIHA, FM, IMO, BS476

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Title : "Energy Efficient Lighting Systems In Green Buildings: An Overview"

Author :D.Sandanasamy, S.Govindarajane, T.Sundararajan

Publication year: 2014

Abstract:This paper presents an overview of the tools used (GRIHA and ECBC) to predict Energy efficiency of interior and exterior lighting systems in buildings. The mandatory criteria in the GRIHA rating system of green building such as: design to include existing site features, providing minimum level of sanitation, reducing air pollution during construction, optimizing building design to reduce conventional energy demand etc., for Electrical and Mechanical equipment are analyzed. The lux level of a work place is compared with a reference standard. The scope of energy efficient lamps and fixtures are identified. The good practices in lighting such as: Installations of CFLs, HPSV Lamps, metal halide lamps, high frequency electronic ballasts are suggested for energy savings.

Key Words: Energy efficiency, Green buildings, LEED, GRIHA

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Title : "Sustainable Buildings: An Architectural Response to the Impact of Climate Change"

Author :Vilas Z. Chauhan

Publication year: 2014

Abstract:India has rich traditions and history in holistic strategies for buildings and construction. India is witnessing tremendous growth in infrastructure development. The construction industry in India is one of the largest economic activities. The building sector is the single highest consumer of energy, and hence the largest contributor to green house gas emissions. Also, with the tremendous growth in this sector, there is an increase in the number and variety of challenges posed. Preserving the environment has become a prime concern along with the growth and development of our economy. Despite this the sustainable buildings agenda (Green Buildings) has received less attention. In view of this, the construction sector therefore needs to identify and play a responsible role towards preservation of the environment. A coordinated approach is required to address the sustainable building agenda in a wider sense. The researcher has put an attempt to present a panoramic view of some key issues related to the sharing of perspectives and ideas for sustainable buildings in India. The paper highlights the magnitude of energy consumption of the rural and the urban sector and thereby the resultant carbon emissions from the building sector alone. Some key attributes of sustainable buildings are also briefed. LEED and GRIHA both, as building rating systems are briefly introduced. The paper ends with a clarification of some myths as against the realities on green buildings.

Key Words: Sustainable buildings, Green buildings, Climate change, Green House, Gas Emissions, LEED, GRIHA

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Title : "Sustainable Construction: Green Building Concept – A Case Study"

Author :Ishan Kevadiya, Ankush Patil, S.M.N.Waghmode

Publication year: 2014

Abstract:The concept of green building has created an immense importance in a developing country like INDIA.The theory implise of minimising the wastage and the cost of construction.With increase in urbanization the natural resources were used in improper ways which leads us towards the implementation of green buildings and the concept helps in making optimum use of natural reources.The green building is an eco-friendly component,since it is based on the basic rule – “REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE”.Eventually, The green buildings affords a high level of economic and enginnering performace, which leads us to the beterment of future generation.

Key Words: Green Building, LEED, TERI - GRIGA, Case Study

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Title : "Sustainable Construction: Green Building Concept – A Case Study"

Author :Ishan Kevadiya, Ankush Patil, S.M.N.Waghmode

Publication year: 2014

Abstract:The concept of green building has created an immense importance in a developing country like INDIA.The theory implise of minimising the wastage and the cost of construction.With increase in urbanization the natural resources were used in improper ways which leads us towards the implementation of green buildings and the concept helps in making optimum use of natural reources.The green building is an eco-friendly component,since it is based on the basic rule – “REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE”.Eventually, The green buildings affords a high level of economic and enginnering performace, which leads us to the beterment of future generation.

Key Words: Green Building, LEED, TERI - GRIGA, Case Study

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Title : "Building Energy Benchmarking in India: An Action Plan for Advancing the State-of-the-Art"

Author :Saket Sarraf, Shilpi Anand, Yash Shukla, Paul Mathew, Reshma Singh

Publication year: 2014

Abstract:This document describes an action plan for advancing the state of the art of commercial building energy benchmarking in the Indian context. The document is primarily intended for two audiences: (a) Research and development (R&D) sponsors and researchers can use the action plan to frame, plan, prioritize and scope new energy benchmarking R&D in order to ensure that their research is market relevant, (b) Policy makers and program implementers engaged in the deployment of benchmarking and building efficiency rating programmes can use the action plan for policy formulation and enforcement.

Key Words: Action plan, Energy benchmarking, India

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Title : "Green Building Architecture: A Literature Review on Designing Techniques"

Author :Kushagra Varma, Mayank Chaurasia, Prasenjit Shukla, Tariq Ahmed

Publication year: 2014

Abstract:Buildings are found to be both, one of the biggest consumer of energy and producer of greenhouse gases. It has become a global issue. According to the National Institute of Building Sciences(USA), buildings generate 35 percent of the carbon dioxide (the primary greenhouse gas associated with climate change), 49 percent of the sulphur dioxide, and 25 percent of the nitrogen oxide found in the air. Since buildings are accountable for this scenario, it has imposed an immediate requirement to not only think of, but implement sustainability in every new construction instantly. This will render us a sustained environment and a healthy ecosystem. Green Buildings are buildings that subscribe to the principle of conscientious handling of natural resources, which means causing as little environmental interference as possible, using environment friendly materials, requires low operational energy, utilizes renewable sources of energy to fulfil its requirements, follows high-quality and longevity as a guideline for construction and last but not least, must be economically viable. Albeit the problem is common in developing nations. The paper focuses on green design as a vital transformation of contemporary architecture practiced in developing nations. It endeavours to present some environmental and physical design approaches for green buildings in promptly developing countries chiefly India. In this regard, the study presents hands on analysis of basics and principles of green architecture, theories and viewpoints outlined in the field and also the analysis of efficacious cases of environment friendly buildings in India.

Key Words: Greenhouse gases, Sustainability, Ecosystem, Green Buildings, Renewable, Green Design, Contemporary Architecture

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Title : "Energy matrices of the building by incorporating daylight concept for composite climate - An experimental study"

Author :Madhu Sudan, G.N.Tiwari

Publication year: 2014

Abstract:In this paper, an attempt has been made to implement the concept of daylighting to conserve conventional fuel in a building known as SODHA BERS COMPLEX (SBC) at Varanasi, UP, India. The performance has been analyzed in the context of energy conservation. The building SBC is designed to provide sufficient daylighting, ventilation, as well as thermal comfort to occupants with optimum use of available space for a residential area. The two uppermost rooms of the building have been studied under clear sky conditions. It has been observed that (i) over the lifetime of the building an average energy saving from daylighting is found to be 7933 kW h, which corresponds to 16.18 tons of CO2 mitigation, and (ii) an energy payback time, energy production factor , and life cycle conversion efficiency of SBC are observed to be 5.5 yr, 9.09, and 0.17, respectively.

Key Words: Energy conservation, Energy production, Transmission and distribution, Fossil fuels, Photovoltaics, Embodies energy, Sustianble architecture, Global warming, Atmospheric radiation, Optical metrology, Diffuse radation

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Title : "Retrofitting of an Existing Building into a Green Building"

Author :Nandish Kavani, Fagun Pathal

Publication year: 2014

Abstract:Retrofitting of an existing building into a green building taking into account the aspects of energy, water and materials along with cost considerations such that the occupant well-being, environmental performance and economic returns are improved. In the present project we have proposed to give credits to rate the chosen building for its various green features according to the rating system of LEED and suggest measures to improve the green performance of the building.

Key Words: Retrofitting, green building, Heat island effect, Indoor air quality

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Title : "Integrated Study of Measures & Techniques in Green Building Construction"

Author :Namesh Killemsetty, Shridhar A. Behare

Publication year: 2014

Abstract:Conventional buildings produce high amount of greenhouse gas, large quantity of construction and demolition debris (which decrease landfill capacity), disturbs the natural resources and also it consumes a big part of energy and water. Implementation of various simple and sustainable techniques practiced individually can help in many ways to create a structure that is environment friendly, consumes minimal natural resources and at the same time be economical in nature. This paper makes an effort to study the Green Building construction method and new technologies which enables to create a sustainable structure. It also includes design concepts of Green Building, methodology and materials requirement and ideas and suggestions to create a checklist for a builder for him to refer the various suggestions in every phase of construction of a general structure

Key Words: Green Building, Energy Consumption, Green materials, Green Roof, Green Wall, Pottery Wall

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Title : "Integrated Study of Measures & Techniques in Green Building Construction"

Author :Namesh Killemsetty, Shridhar A. Behare

Publication year: 2014

Abstract:Conventional buildings produce high amount of greenhouse gas, large quantity of construction and demolition debris (which decrease landfill capacity), disturbs the natural resources and also it consumes a big part of energy and water. Implementation of various simple and sustainable techniques practiced individually can help in many ways to create a structure that is environment friendly, consumes minimal natural resources and at the same time be economical in nature. This paper makes an effort to study the Green Building construction method and new technologies which enables to create a sustainable structure. It also includes design concepts of Green Building, methodology and materials requirement and ideas and suggestions to create a checklist for a builder for him to refer the various suggestions in every phase of construction of a general structure

Key Words: Green Building, Energy Consumption, Green materials, Green Roof, Green Wall, Pottery Wall

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Title : "Bim Based Conxeptual Framework for Lean and Green Interation"

Author :Ritu Ahuja, Anil Sawhney, Mohammed Arif

Publication year: 2014

Abstract:Lean and green philosophies have more or less remained separate and parallel initiatives within the construction sector. Intuitively there seems to be significant overlap between the two philosophies. As these have separately matured, there is now a need to synthesize the two parallel streams into one to garner more benefits for the industry. Efforts to demonstrate the overlap between lean and green concepts is available in literature. However, an integration framework has not been developed or reported. As such this paper, which is part of an on-going research, identifies operational and tactical connections of lean and green philosophies, with an aim to provide a conceptual integration framework. The authors envision that Building Information Modeling (BIM), a friend of both lean and green philosophies can provide the needed linkage between the two. With BIM as the common tool that acts as a catalyst, a conceptual framework for lean and green integration is developed. This framework is tested using three case studies and findings reported in the paper. Preliminary findings show that projects that use BIM can more easily integrate lean and green and add value.

Key Words: Building Information Modeling (BIM), lean, green, sustainability

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Title : "Increasing energy efficiency in India by the use of green building"

Author :Sthita Prajna Mishra, S.M.Ali, Arjyadhara Pradhan, Prajnasmitra Mohapatra, Vijaya Singh

Publication year: 2013

Abstract:Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to a structure and using process that is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building’s life-cycle: from sitting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. This requires close cooperation of the design team, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages. The green building practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. Green building practices aim to reduce the environmental impact of buildings, and the very first rule is, do not build in sprawl (spreading in disordered fashion). According to the National Resources Inventory, approximately 107 million acres (430,000 km2) of land in the USA are developed. The International Energy Agency released a publication that estimated that existing buildings are responsible for more than 40% of the world’s total primary energy consumption and for 24% of global carbon dioxide emissions. This paper mainly focuses on the basic concept of green building and gives us an idea about how energy efficiency can be improved by the use of green building technology.

Key Words: Prescriptive, aquifer, fixtures, VOC, IAQ, EPA, green building, renewable energy, India

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Title : "Sustainable Building Assessment Tool: Indian Leading Architects’ Perceptions and Preferences"

Author :R.Bhatt, J.E.M.Macwan, D.Bhatt

Publication year: 2013

Abstract:As ‘sustainable development’ has become a global focus, ‘‘Green Building’’ or ‘‘Sustainable Building (SB)’’ is the need of the day. These buildings not only reduce negative environmental impact but also improve human comfort and safety. Sustainable Buildings need to be assessed by ‘Assessment tool’ for checking its overall contribution towards achievement of ‘sustainability’. In this paper an attempt is made to know Indian Architects ‘perceptions’ and ‘preferences’ regarding the framework of ‘‘Sustainable Building Assessment Tool (SBAT)’’ for India. Feedbacks were collected from the Architects of major metro cities of India. Total 81 responses were analyzed with SPSS 12 statistical analysis software. Indian Architects’ gave an opinion that ‘SBAT’ for India should be prepared firstly for commercial buildings. It should target ‘Architects’ first and must be applied at the building level. ‘SBAT’ should be a comprehensive one with flexible and easy to calculate scoring system. ‘SBAT’ must cover non-controllable factors along with negative scoring system. Results can be utilized in the coming years to prepare a comprehensive ‘SBAT’ for developing country like India.

Key Words: Sustainable building, Building assessment tool, Architects, SPSS software

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Title : "Decentralized Grid-connected Power Generation Potential in India: From Perspective of Energy Efficient Buildings"

Author :Ram Joshi, Maharshi Pathak

Publication year: 2013

Abstract:One of the major barriers to the sustainable growth of India is the energy crisis. Despite of continuous efforts and investment of Government in the energy sector, in 2011, 300 million of Indian population was deprived of electricity. The segment of population which has access to electricity faces the problem of intermittent and unreliable power supply. This is because India faces transmission losses of more than 32% (in 2010) as compared to global average of 15% because of inefficient transmission network and location of power generation sites at very far distances from the end use sites. Also, the rapidly growing building sector is responsible for at least 30-40% of energy usage and this demand is growing annually at 11-12%, which is almost twice global average of 5-6%.These are serious matters of concern for India and calls for a viable solution [1]. One of the most promising solutions to this situation is energy efficient buildings (EEBs) with grid-connected on-site energy generation using renewable energy sources i.e. Decentralized energy generation (DE). Various building components suit as power generation sites through more than one renewable energy sources. With buildings growing in India at very high rate, and India being rich in renewable energy sources, this is the most viable option for mitigating energy crisis. The environmental, social and economic benefits of EEBs with grid connected DE include but are not limited to reduction in carbon emission around 30-40% which is caused due the present coal-based energy generation system, economical since the cost of setting up grid connected DE will clearly be less than setting up high-voltage transmission networks. Also, due to grid connected DE, the surplus energy producers will receive Feed-in tariff which can in turn decrease the pay-back period and also will not isolate them from grid supply. It will develop a feeling of unconventionality and social responsibility in the community and will lead to an attitude change towards energy usage thus reducing carbon footprints. It will be a revolution for people deprived of basic energy services. The presented work identifies barriers to the proposed model in India. It reviews EEB standards followed in different countries, administrative policies and reforms implemented, financial mechanisms, incentives and feed-in tariff offered and the technical and environmental consequences of the model. As an outcome of the study, the paper proposes a way forward to successfully implement EEB grid connected DE in India.

Key Words: Decentralized grid-connected renewable energy, Energy efficient buildings

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Title : "Using Third-Party Inspectors in Building Energy Codes Enforcement in India"

Author :Sha Yu, Meredydd Evans, Pradeep Kumar, Laura Van Wie McGrory, Vatsal Bhatt

Publication year: 2013

Abstract:India is experiencing fast income growth and urbanization, and this leads to unprecedented increases in demand for building energy services and resulting energy consumption. In response to rapid growth in building energy use, the Government of India issued the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) in 2007, which is consistent with and based on the 2001 Energy Conservation Act. ECBC implementation has been voluntary since its enactment and a few states have started to make progress towards mandatory implementation. Rajasthan is the first state in India to adopt ECBC as a mandatory code. The State adopted ECBC with minor additions on March 28, 2011 through a stakeholder process, it became mandatory in Rajasthan on September 28, 2011. The State of Odisha and the Union Territory of Puducherry also amended ECBC and sent out notifications for mandatory adoption recently. According to the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), 16 Indian States are now in various stages of ECBC implementation and adoption, and these also include Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Uttarakhand, Kerala, Punjab, Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, and West Bengal. Since its inception, India has applied the code on a voluntary basis, but the Government of India is developing a strategy to mandate compliance. It was also expected that during the voluntary period building technology and service providers would be able to develop market for energy-efficiency products and services required in ECBC. Implementing ECBC requires coordination between the Ministry of Power and the Ministry of Urban Development at the national level as well as interdepartmental coordination at the state level. One challenge is that the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), the enforcement entities of building by-laws, lack capacity to implement ECBC effectively. For example, ULBs in some states might find the building permitting procedures to be too complex, in other cases, lack of awareness and technical knowledge about ECBC slows down the amendment of local building by-laws as well as ECBC implementation. The intent of this white paper is to share code enforcement approaches with Indian decision-makers. Given the limited capacity and human resources available in the state and local governments, involving third-party inspectors could rapidly expand the capacity for plan reviews and broad implementation. However, the procedures of involving third-parties need to be carefully assessed and designed based on the capacity and capabilities of the municipal officials in order to guarantee a fair process. For example, there should be multiple checks and certification requirements for third-party inspectors, and the government should have the final approval when third-party inspectors are used in a project. This paper discusses different approaches of involving third-parties in ECBC enforcement, the Indian states may choose the approaches that work best in their given circumstances.

Key Words: Energy Conservation Buuilding Code (ECBC), Urbanization, Mandatory Implementation, Third-party Inspectors, Building Energy Services

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Title : "Buying Behaviour of Consumers towards Green Buildings in Delhi-NCR"

Author :Aditi Midha, Shuchi Midha, Sanjeela Mathur

Publication year: 2013

Abstract:India is experiencing fast income growth and urbanization, and this leads to unprecedented increases in demand for building energy services and resulting energy consumption. In response to rapid growth in building energy use, the Government of India issued the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) in 2007, which is consistent with and based on the 2001 Energy Conservation Act. ECBC implementation has been voluntary since its enactment and a few states have started to make progress towards mandatory implementation. Rajasthan is the first state in India to adopt ECBC as a mandatory code. The State adopted ECBC with minor additions on March 28, 2011 through a stakeholder process, it became mandatory in Rajasthan on September 28, 2011. The State of Odisha and the Union Territory of Puducherry also amended ECBC and sent out notifications for mandatory adoption recently. According to the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), 16 Indian States are now in various stages of ECBC implementation and adoption, and these also include Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Uttarakhand, Kerala, Punjab, Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, and West Bengal. Since its inception, India has applied the code on a voluntary basis, but the Government of India is developing a strategy to mandate compliance. It was also expected that during the voluntary period building technology and service providers would be able to develop market for energy-efficiency products and services required in ECBC. Implementing ECBC requires coordination between the Ministry of Power and the Ministry of Urban Development at the national level as well as interdepartmental coordination at the state level. One challenge is that the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), the enforcement entities of building by-laws, lack capacity to implement ECBC effectively. For example, ULBs in some states might find the building permitting procedures to be too complex, in other cases, lack of awareness and technical knowledge about ECBC

Key Words: Green buildings, Sustainable development, GRIHA, LEED, Environmental Benefits

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Title : "Green Building Construction for Sustainable Future"

Author :H.S.Mehta, Vishal Porwal

Publication year: 2013

Abstract:Green building construction is relatively new phenomenon in Indian construction industry. With increasing awareness about global warming and climate change movement for sustainable development is gaining force. Indian Government also realizes the need for sustainable construction as its economy is growing at fast pace (7 to 8 percent annually) and that needs a rapid and vast infrastructure development. This paper provides a state of the art literature review on green building construction movement in India. This study provides an overview of green building rating systems, cost & benefits, green design strategies, and discusses their implications for future of sustainable development in India. A need for widespread awareness about sustainable development and capacity building for design, construction and operations of green buildings is realized.

Key Words: Green Buildings, LEED, GRIHA, Intelligent Buildings

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Title : "LEED-EB Implementation in India: An Overview of Catalysts and Hindrances"

Author :Meenal Jain, Meenakshi Mital, Matt Syal

Publication year: 2013

Abstract:Sustainable Development is one of the biggest challenges in today’s scenario. Development cannot subsist on a deteriorating environmental resource base; the environment cannot be protected when growth leaves out of account the costs of environmental destruction. Construction is an essential part of any country’s infrastructure and industrial development. The way we design, build, and operate buildings has negative impact on people and families as buildings use resources such as energy, water, generate waste and emit potentially harmful atmospheric emissions which are ultimately contributing to climate change. Buildings account for more than one third of total energy use and its associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across the world. At the same time, this sector has the largest potential for cutting GHG emissions responsible for global warming. Thus, it is imminent to go in for green buildings which would bring in energy efficiency and reduce the carbon footprint of the building sector, thereby reducing the negative health impacts on families. In developing countries like India, there is a huge stock of existing buildings that are not so efficient and thus, there is an immense potential for energy efficiency measures in the country. Also, considering the current economic challenges, retrofitting an existing building can be more cost effective than building a new facility. Worldwide, a variety of assessment programs have been developed around environmental and energy impacts of buildings. The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System, developed by the U.S. Green Building Council, provides a suite of standards for environmentally sustainable construction. The LEED for Existing Buildings (LEED-EB) is intended to provide the existing building stock an entry point into the LEED certification process. It has become an important benchmark of sustainable building operations and maintenance. But still, there are only a handful of people concerned about making their existing set-up green. The present paper, thus, throws light on the hindrances and catalysts associated with LEED-EB as a tool for greening of existing buildings in India. Case study method was adopted to have a better understanding of the processes involved in greening of existing buildings. The study was undertaken in India in two buildings, namely Paharpur Business Centre & Software Technology Incubator Park, New Delhi (registered under LEED-EB at the time of data collection) and L&T ECC Division – EDRC Building, Chennai, (certified under LEED-EB), and case studies were developed for the same. Hindrances and catalysts associated with LEED-EB were studied from the perspective of project managers, architects and green building consultants associated with the selected case studies. For the purpose of data collection, Questionnaire and Interview Schedule were used. The tool was administered on some other green building consultants who were not associated with LEED-EB projects to get a wider perspective on the hindrances and catalysts associated with the process as they have a major role in the construction of the building and it is imperative to take their viewpoint on the greening process in terms of the hindrances that they face or the catalysts, which they feel, can accelerate this process of greening the existing buildings. On analyzing the data, Prestige, image and reduction in operational costs were found to be major catalysts behind LEED-EB. Better rental value, social responsibility, Improved Indoor Environmental Quality emerged as catalysts with medium and minor importance. The major hindrances were found to be high renovation costs, difficulty in meeting prerequisites and unavailability of the required data for LEED-EB submission. Some hindrances with medium and minor importance were resistance to make changes in the existing buildings, lack of skilled professionals, difficulty in retrofitting, lack of awareness among the stakeholders, lack of technology and no immediate benefit. Adopting the green initiatives in the existing buildings, including homes, and taking the LEED-EB certification will prove to be a very useful tool in minimizing the negative impact of such a large number of existing buildings on the environment, and in turn, on the health of the people residing in them. The catalysts being revealed by the study need to be made overt and hindrances which have been brought forth by the study can be worked upon so that LEED-EB certification gains momentum and the stakeholders and families start taking initiatives to give the country a sustainable path towards a green built environment. The hindrances like high costs, difficult prerequisites and such can be made easier by more efficient technologies so that this process of greening of existing buildings gains momentum in the country.

Key Words: Existing buildings, Green buildings, Hindrances and Catalysts, LEED-EB

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Title : "Obstacles and Catalysts Associated with Implementation of LEED-EB® in India"

Author :Meenal Jain, Meenakshi Mital, Matt Syal

Publication year: 2013

Abstract:Transport and buildings are two principal contributors to climate change. One of the biggest challenges to sustainable urban development in India is the lack of green buildings. The authors look at catalysts and hindrances associated with Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design-Existing Buildings (LEED-EB) as a tool for greening of existing buildings, and determine that prestige, image and reduction in operational costs are major catalysts while better rental value, social responsibility and provision of improved indoor environmental quality are minor to medium catalysts. The high cost of renovation, difficulty in meeting prerequisites and unavailability of required data for LEED-EB submission are presented as the major hindrances. The authors call for sensitization of stakeholders to catalysts and benefits so that the green buildings’ movement can be taken forward to have a more sustainable future.

Key Words: Existing buildings, green buildings, obstacles and catalysts, LEED-EB, sustainable development

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Title : "Green Buildings-On the move"

Author :B.Sai Doondi, S.C.Kumar, P.Saha

Publication year: 2012

Abstract:Green building education requires successful teamwork of students from different disciplines in order to solve challenging problems in construction and design of buildings. “sustainable building” is the design and construction of buildings using methods and materials that are resource efficient and that will not compromise the health of the environment or the associated health and well being of the building’s occupants, construction workers, the general public, or future generations. Sustainable building involves the consideration of many issues, including land use, site impacts, indoor environment, energy and water use, solid waste, and lifecycle impacts of building materials. Making existing and new buildings is one of the most effective levers to meet the challenges of CO2 reduction in cities. This paper discusses the concept of green buildings which are buildings based on sustainable principles, designed, built, renovated, operated and reused in an ecological and resource efficient manner and also presents a case study of building which is designed and constructed based on concept of green building.

Key Words: Green Buildings, Building materials, Recycle & reuse, Conservation

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Title : "Global Weights of Parameters for Sustainable Buildings from Consultants’ Perspectives in Indian Context"

Author :Rajiv Bhatt, J.E.M.Macwan

Publication year: 2012

Abstract:Sustainable building (SB) and its assessment schemes are the key to achieve sustainable growth in an urban zone. An attempt is made to develop sustainability global weight (li) of various parameters for the assessment of SBs. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to derive sustainability global weight (li) for all contributing parameters: environmental, social, economic, and cultural. Consultants from various regions of India were asked to give their responses on an AHP-based questionnaire. Based on 37 valid responses from consultants, the global weight of parameters is derived by a geometric mean method along with an aggregation of individual priorities approach. Consultants have ranked renewable energy, optimum energy performance, water-use reduction, reduced wastewater generation, and energy accountability as the five most crucial parameters. Findings of this paper can be helpful to designers and developers to achieve real sustainable development in developing countries similar to India.

Key Words: Buildings, Sustainable development, Decision making, Consultants

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Title : "Green Building Development for Sustainable Environment with Special Reference to India"

Author :S.M.Geelani, S.H.Geelani, S.J.A Bhat, Shamshul Haq, Naseer Ahmad Mir, Syed Junaid, Buhroo Zafar

Publication year: 2012

Abstract:Building materials and technologies, and building practices have evolved through ages. The following points require attention, regarding the use of modern building materials: energy consumed in the manufacturing processes, problems of long distance transportation, natural resources and raw materials consumed, recycling and safe disposal, impact on environment, and long-term sustainability. Thus the issues related to energy expenditure, recycling, biodegradable, environmental and sustainability with respect to future demand need to be addressed during the manufacture and use of any new building material by the practice of increasing the efficiency with which buildings use resources energy, water, and materials while reducing building impacts on human health and the environment, through better site, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal i.e. the complete building life cycle for achieving sustainable building development or green building development. The goal of the "green building" project is to reduce the impact of construction on the environment by sustainable building and construction of buildings using methods and materials that are resource efficient and will not compromise the health of the environment or the associated health and well-being of the building's occupants, construction workers, the general public, or future generations. Sustainable building involves the consideration of many issues, including land use, site impacts, indoor environment, energy and water use, solid waste, and lifecycle impacts of building materials. Energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions will therefore continue to rise unless actions to direct the construction industry towards sustainable consumption and production are taken urgently.

Key Words: Green building, Environment, Energy, Greenhouse gas, Building materials

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Title : "Strategies for Energy Efficient Office Buildings in India"

Author :Kamesh Sannaty Venoo

Publication year: 2012

Abstract:Emerging power crisis and reliance on the energy imports puts India on the demand side. A various factors including higher energy prices, increasing environmental concerns, are pushing the country to a tipping position with regards to energy efficiency in buildings. However, it is necessary for an extensive research on energy efficiency in office buildings based on the sustainable principles. India being a developing country has enormous potential in reducing the energy consumption in the building sector around 40 – 50%. In order to mainstream the issue, BEE (Bureau of energy efficiency) established to promote key energy efficiency initiatives to highlight the relevance of core global issues on energy efficient building design in India. Furthermore, STIL2 project funded by Swedish energy efficiency and conducted by ÅF implemented, in India to provide a holistic approach to achieve the strategic framework in addressing the problem. Therefore, this paper extensively focuses on the energy use of office buildings with sustainable parameters and benefits of STIL 2 statistics in India.

Key Words: Energy Efficiency, Strategic Framework, STIL2 statistics, Sustainable principles

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Title : "Sustainable Urban Development in India: Challenge & Approaches"

Author :Pankaj Bahadure, Sarika Bahadure

Publication year: 2012

Abstract:India’s contribution towards unsustainability is very low as compared to other major contributor countries. But the challenges persistent to the rapid urbanization in India and the huge share of global population can threat the global sustainability. So there is a need to ingrain sustainability in India. The paper tries to put forth the need of the sustainable urban development in India. The urbanization in India has led to (un)sustainable situation. It provides the proven benefits of economic growth and development, but it also brings the social and environmental challenges. Various challenges associated with sustainability, spatial planning, governance, deficiencies and execution has been discussed in this paper. As challenges lie in the ability to cope, the later part of the paper confers the sustainable development approaches in India. It has been studied under the antecedent of legal provisioning, various policies and programs, institutional arrangements, technological solutions, frameworks and measurement systems for a better present and future

Key Words: India, Urbanization, (Un) sustainable

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Title : "Sustainable constructions (Green Buildings): Study on France and India - Indian Aspects"

Author :R.M.Divya, M.A.Irshad Ahamed

Publication year: 2012

Abstract:With the increase in population, the demand for energy and other non renewable resources is also on a constant increase. It is estimated that the existing reserves of fossil fuels will last only for another 100 to 120 years. The same is the case with other non renewable resources. For the world to sustain, we need to reduce our consumption of these resources. Reduction of usage is possible by reusing the resources to the extent possible. It is important for us to protect our planet earth for the forthcoming generations. Recycling post reusing is another way to conserve the existing resources. Much of these resources are being consumed in the construction industry. The concept of reducing or optimizing the usage of resources, reusing and recycling the resources in construction industry was termed as Green buildings. Green buildings are increasingly gaining momentum these days as people are becoming aware of its need throughout the world. India with its economy growing at a rapid rate has started embracing the green building concept. Certification systems have been designed to ensure that standards are being established. In this project, we have studied the factors which encourage people to go green, factors which act as barrier to people who want to go green and finally the possible way ahead which will promote green buildings in India. This forms a part of study conducted in France and India simultaneously. First, we studied the standards prevalent in India-LEED and GRIHA. We classified LEED based on the cost. This was done to identify if cost was a real constraint to people who wish to go green. Secondly, Interviews were conducted with different stakeholders viz architects, green building owners and operators, energy consultants and auditors. With the inputs, we created a framework of factors which are road blocks to people who want to go green. Finally, having identified that cost, time, awareness, expertise and incentives as barriers, a draft of the possible solution to the above was made. A study on the existing Government incentives was made and a list of possible incentives was also proposed to promote green buildings in future.

Key Words: Construction industry, Sustainable constructions, Green building

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Title : "Energy Efficient Choice of Brick Façade in Kolkata, India"

Author :Margot Pellegrino, Biswajit Thakur, Himadri Guha , Marco Simonetti

Publication year: 2011

Abstract:The standard practice for façade in Kolkata, India is with 250 mm thick traditional burnt clay brick wall and 6 mm glazing fitted to aluminium window shutters. In the present study, the embodied energy of traditional brickwork and cumulative cost throughout its lifecycle in a conditioned space has been estimated. The impact on operational energy of such brickwork is also estimated through energy simulation. Variations of the present specifications using varying thickness of fly ash bricks and window glazing have been considered and the cost impacts are estimated. Fly ash brickwork of 300 mm thickness and single layer 6 mm glazing for window glass is proposed as the optimum façade specification.

Key Words: Fly ash brick, Embodied energy, Operational energy, Energy simulation, Benefit-cost ratio

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Title : "International comparison of energy labeling and standards for energy efficient and green buildings"

Author :Peter Hennicke, Shritu Shrestha, Tobias Schleicher

Publication year: 2011

Abstract:This paper discusses the approaches of the European Union, Germany and India to reduce GHGemissions and mitigate climate change impacts from buildings through the establishment of energy performance standards and green building certifications. From the study of the roadmaps of the EU, Germany and India, it is quite clear that the EU and especially Germany are focussing on stringent mandatory energy standards towards ‘nearly zero energy buildings’. On the other hand, India concentrates on green buildings with voluntary green building certification (GRIHA) to address the environmental challenges of the construction sector due to rapid urbanization in the country. The paper discusses the implication of mandatory vs. voluntary schemes and outlines the importance of combining the two approaches within an effective policy package. Finally, it discusses how the barriers of the implementation of energy standards and green buildings can be removed through social learning on effective policy packages.

Key Words: Mandatory energy standards, voluntary green building certifications, effective policy packages, social learning

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Title : "Energy efficiency benchmarks and the performance of LEED rated buildings for Information Technology facilities in Bangalore, India"

Author :Ashwin Sabapathy, Santhosh K.V. Ragavan, Mahima Vijendra, Anjana G. Nataraja

Publication year: 2010

Abstract:This paper provides a summary of an energy benchmarking study that uses performance data of a sample of Information Technology facilities in Bangalore. Information provided by the sample of occupiers was used to develop an Energy Performance Index (EPI) and an Annual Average hourly Energy Performance Index (AAhEPI), which takes into account the variations in operation hours and days for these facilities. The EPI and AAhEPI were modelled to identify the factors that influence energy efficiency. Employment density, size of facility, operating hours per week, type of chiller and age of facility were found to be significant factors in regression models with EPI and AAhEPI as dependent variables. Employment density, size of facility and operating hours per week were standardised and used in a separate regression analysis. Parameter estimates from this regression were used to normalize the EPI and AAhEPI for variance in the independent variables. Three benchmark ranges – the bottom third, middle third and top third – were developed for the two normalised indices. The normalised EPI and AAhEPI of LEED rated building, which were also part of the sample, indicate that, on average, LEED rated buildings outperform the other buildings.

Key Words: LEED, Benchmarking, Commercial buildings

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Title : "Ecologically considered design of operational systems for high-rise buildings in Kolkata"

Author :Kalyan Chakraborty

Publication year: 2010

Abstract:This thesis presents design possibilities for reducing the ecological impact of the operational systems of high-rise buildings in Kolkata, India. This research is supported by a study of the current urban situation of Kolkata which shows a recent growth in number of high-rise buildings and a need for ecological considerations in their operational systems. To fulfill this need this thesis studied recent developments in alternative operational system design and explored the possibility of developing operational systems in a proposed residential high-rise building.In the process of developing an alternative operational system for a high-rise building in Kolkata this thesis firstly studied development of operational systems in high-rise buildings and recent sustainable architectural guidelines to understand the primary design necessities for ecological considerations. Secondly a study of alternative design strategies and techniques was done and a research for the development of a building integrated solar thermal updraft façade was carried out. The research into a building integrated solar thermal updraft façade showed the possibility of developing a façade system in high-rise buildings which can generate electricity. Finally on the basis of the studies and the research an analysis was done to check the reduction in carbon footprint and improvement in the design of operational systems in a hypothetical high-rise residential building in Kolkata

Key Words: Sustainable high-rise, High-rise farming, Operational systems, Solar updraft double skin fadace, Living machine, High-rise power generation

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Title : "Green building design: A step towards sustainable habitat"

Author :Manoj Kumar Singh, Sadhan Mahapatra, S.K.Atreya

Publication year: 2010

Abstract:Energy, built environment and thermal comforts are closely inter-related. The unprecedented growth in building sector due to growth in population and enhanced thermal comfort standards leads to more primary energy consumption and consequently increases the green house gas (GHG) emissions to the environment. The construction industry in India is one of the largest economic activities and is growing at an average rate of 9.5% as compared to the global average of 5%. Buildings are the major consumer of energy in their construction, operation and maintenance. In India building sector accounts 30-40% of total primary energy consumption and more than 30% of electricity. While the growth is imminent, it is imperative that the developments need to happen in an environmentally sustainable manner. In this context, energy efficient building, climate-responsive building or green buildings designs have great impacts on conservation of natural resources, energy efficiency, better waste management, water use efficiency and reductions in GHG emissions. In this article, the various measures taken worldwide to reduce the energy consumption and carbon footprint of the buildings through green building approach are discussed. The present state of the green building initiatives, green building rating and certification procedures in India are also discussed

Key Words: Thermal Comfort, Energy efficiency, Sustainable habitat, Green building

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Title : "Sustainable construction and green buildings on the foundation of building ecology"

Author :Anjan Chatterjee

Publication year: 2009

Abstract:Green building practices can play a key role in achieving sustainability in the construction industry. Green building practice is a process to create buildings and infrastructure in such a way that minimize the use of resources, reduce harmful effects on the ecology, and create better environments for people. Green buildings also exhibit a high level of environmental, economic, and engineering performance. These include energy efficiency and conservation, improved indoor air quality, resource and material efficiency, and occupant's health and productivity. There are different criteria that are applied to select materials to be used in green buildings. These criteria include materials made of recycled and recovered agro-industrial wastes and materials that reduce the quantity used without adversely affecting the durability. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and green building regulations also play a key role in evaluating building materials and maintaining sustainability in the industry.

Key Words: Green building, Susutainability, Sustainable construction, Building ecology

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Title : "Emergence of green building guidelines in developed countries and their impact on India"

Author :Varun Potbhare, Matt Syal, Mohammed Arif, Malik M.A. Khalfan, Charles Egbu

Publication year: 2009

Abstract:Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the characteristics of green building guidelines in developed countries and to analyze their influence on the evolution and adoption of similar guidelines in India. Design/methodology/approach This research reviews the green building guidelines in the developed as well as the developing countries such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design guidelines for new construction (LEED® NC‐USA), Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM)‐UK, Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency (CASBEE)‐Japan, and LEED®‐India and further performs a comparative analysis of these guidelines. Findings Based on the comparative analysis of LEED® NC‐USA, BREEAM‐UK, and CASBEE‐Japan, the characteristics that might have affected their current acceptance were identified. The catalysts and hindrances associated with the acceptance of LEED‐India in India were identified based on the comparative analysis of LEED® NC‐USA and LEED®‐India. Originality/value With an exponential growth of construction industry in the rapidly developing countries, there is a definite need to promote the adoption of green building guidelines. The methodology adopted in this research can be applied to understand the evolution as well as future adoption of green building guidelines in other countries that are facing similar circumstances."

Key Words: Buildings, Sustainable development, Developing countries, India

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Title : "Adoption of Green Building Guidelines in Developing Countries Based on U.S. and India Experiences "

Author :Varun Potbhare, Matt Syal, Sinem Korkmaz

Publication year: 2009

Abstract:In the wake of sustainable construction entering the mainstream, many developing countries are either currently pursuing green building guidelines or are planning to pursue them in the near future. This research attempts to formulate an implementation strategy for the rapid adoption of these guidelines for the developing nations. This implementation strategy is based on the detailed review of the major green building guidelines globally and contextual information of Indian society collected through a survey questionnaire. The proposed strategy shows that it is important for green building initiatives to identify: the organizations that accelerate the adoption of green building guidelines in a society, the incentives and barriers associated with the green building guidelines, and the necessary motivations for the adopter organizations. An informed approach in the form of this implementation strategy might potentially contribute to the acceleration of green building guidelines' adoption in developing countries.

Key Words: Green Buildings, Green Building Guidelines, LEED®-USA, BREEAM-UK, CASBEE-Japan, LEED®-India, Societal Attributes, Diffusion of Innovation

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Title : "Toward Sustainable Design -The Excluded Issues: LEED Rating System in India"

Author :Kaustav Gupta

Publication year: 2009

Abstract:Due to the recent emphasis on ‘Green’ buildings around the world, LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), a voluntary certification program, has emerged as one of the major internationally recognized standards to quantify sustainability in building design and performance. The LEED rating system, which is primarily based on the American context, is also considered as a Green design guideline. It is now accepted in many countries, including India, and is being promoted as a universally applicable model for Green building certification. With its wide array of climatic, social, and economic variations, India poses a stark contrast to the American context and consequently presents different challenges for its Green buildings. The present version of LEED India for New Construction (NC), however, fails to take these contextual variations into account, resulting in a superfluous recognition of generic and readymade design solutions that disregard the traditional sustainable building practices in the country. This thesis proposes additions and/or modifications to the LEED India NC rating system to address certain critical issues in the current LEED format as they apply to the Warm-Humid climate zone. The broader intent of this research is to ensure that a Green building certification system provides appropriate guidance to the designer who wishes to employ a design approach that is compatible with indigenous context. These proposals can be considered as suggestions toward a new version of LEED India NC in future.

Key Words: Sustainable Architecture, LEED, Architecture in India, Green buildings

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Title : "Country Report on Building Energy Codes in India"

Author :Evans Meredydd, Shui Bin, Somasundaram Sriram

Publication year: 2009

Abstract:This report is part of a series of reports on building energy efficiency codes in countries associated with the Asian Pacific Partnership (APP) - Australia, South Korea, Japan, China, India, and the United States of America. This reports gives an overview of the development of building energy codes in India, including national energy policies related to building energy codes, history of building energy codes in India, recent national projects and activities to promote building energy codes. The report also provides a review of current building energy codes (such as building envelope, HVAC, lighting, and water heating) for commercial buildings in India.

Key Words: Energy conservation, Consumption and utilization, Commercial buildings, Energy efficiency

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Title : "State of green construction in India: drivers and challenges"

Author :Mohammed Arif, Charles Egbu, Abid Haleem, Dennis Kulonda, Malik Khalfan

Publication year: 2008

Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of a workshop organized in New Delhi to assess the current state of green construction in India and highlight the major drivers and challenges faced by the construction sector.The data collection for this paper is conducted through two sources, a survey and a facilitated brainstorming session. The survey provides an opportunity to compare practices in India to global trends and the facilitated sessions provides a platform to collect data on more subjective, experiential knowledge about green construction in India. – Some of the major findings of this endeavour are: there is an awareness about green construction in India, It is primarily driven by the governmental and international regulations, with the current energy crisis customers in India are actually willing to pay extra for going green, and there is a lack of accurate lifecycle cost assessment models which results in misconceptions about associated costs of going green. This paper has provided a brief overview of green construction in India. It has also provided a list of major challenges and drivers for implementation of green. This list of challenges and drivers can provide practitioners, regulators, and academics knowledge about means to focus their future efforts in implementation of green.

Key Words: India, Construction industry, Energy management, Waste minimization

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Title : "Solid wastes generation in Indian and their recycling potential in building materials"

Author :Asokan Pappu, Mohini Saxena, Shyam Asolekar

Publication year: 2008

Abstract:Presently in India, about 960 million tonnes of solid waste is being generated annually as by-products during industrial, mining, municipal, agricultural and other processes. Of this 350 million tonnes are organic wastes from agricultural sources, 290 million tonnes are inorganic waste of industrial and mining sectors and 4.5 million tonnes are hazardous in nature. Advances in solid waste management resulted in alternative construction materials as a substitute to traditional materials like bricks, blocks, tiles, aggregates, ceramics, cement, lime, soil, timber and paint. To safeguard the environment, efforts are being made for recycling different wastes and utilise them in value added applications. In this paper, present status on generation and utilization of both non-hazardous and hazardous solid wastes in India, their recycling potentials and environmental implication are reported and discussed in details.

Key Words: Hazardous and non-hazardous waste, Recycling, Construction materials, Environmental pollution, Resources conservation, Greener environment

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Title : "Performance evaluation of green roof and shading for thermal protection of buildings"

Author :Rakesh Kumar, S.C.Kaushik

Publication year: 2008

Abstract:The present paper describes a mathematical model for evaluating cooling potential of green roof and solar thermal shading in buildings. A control volume approach based on finite difference methods is used to analyze the components of green roof, viz. green canopy, soil and support layer. Further, these individual decoupled models are integrated using Newton’s iterative algorithm until the convergence for continuity of interface state variables is achieved. The green roof model is incorporated in the building simulation code using fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques in Matlab. The model is validated against the experimental data from a similar green roof-top garden in Yamuna Nagar (India), and is then used to predict variations in canopy air temperature, entering heat flux through roof and indoor air temperature. The model is found to be very accurate in predicting green canopy-air temperature and indoor-air temperature variations (error range 73.3%, 76.1%, respectively). These results are further used to study thermal performance of green roof combined with solar shading. Cooling potential of green roof is found adequate (3.02 kWh per day for LAI of 4.5) to maintain an average room air temperature of 25.7 1C. The present model can be easily coupled to different greenhouse and building simulation codes.

Key Words: Foliage, Canopy, Green rooftop, Leaf area index, Shading

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